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'''Scandinavia''', historically Scandia, part of northern Europe, is generally held to consist of the two countries of the Scandinavian Peninsula, [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]], with the addition of [[Denmark]]. Some authorities argue for the inclusion of [[Finland]] on geologic and economic grounds and of [[Iceland]] and the [[Wikipedia:Faroe Islands|Faroe Islands]] on the grounds that their inhabitants speak North Germanic (or Scandinavian) languages related to those of Norway and Sweden.
'''Scandinavia''', historically Scandia, part of northern Europe, is generally held to consist of the two countries of the Scandinavian Peninsula, [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]], with the addition of [[Denmark]]. Some authorities argue for the inclusion of [[Finland]] on geologic and economic grounds and of [[Iceland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]] on the grounds that their inhabitants speak North Germanic (or Scandinavian) languages related to those of Norway and Sweden.


The term Norden has also come into use to denote Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, a group of countries having affinities with one another and a distinctness from the rest of continental Europe. Among their distinguishing characteristics are thinly populated northern regions, a relative wealth of fish resources, long life expectancies, and high levels of literacy.<ref name="Britannica_Scandinavia">Encyclopædia Britannica. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526461/Scandinavia "Scandinavia."], Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Referenced 2010-10-08.</ref>
The term '''Norden''' has also come into use to denote Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, a group of countries having affinities with one another and a distinctness from the rest of continental Europe. Among their distinguishing characteristics are thinly populated northern regions, a relative wealth of fish resources, long life expectancies, and high levels of literacy.<ref name="Britannica_Scandinavia">Encyclopædia Britannica. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526461/Scandinavia "Scandinavia."], Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Referenced 2010-10-08.</ref>


==Scandinavia and the Social State==
==Scandinavia and the Social State==
Despite of a large welfare state and high taxes, the Scandinavian countries are considered to have strong economies.<ref name="Block_Resilience">Fred Block. [http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/society-and-culture/resilience-of-the-welfare-state-flummoxes-the-free-marketeers-20101003-162kg.html "Resilience of the welfare state flummoxes the free marketeers"], ''Sydney Morning Herald'', October 4, 2010. Referenced 2010-10-08.</ref><ref name="Moisi_Northern">Dominique Moïsi. [http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2010/09/europe-s-northern-lights-/68999.aspx "Europe's northern lights"], ''European Voice'', September 2010. Referenced 2010-10-08.</ref>
Despite of a large welfare state and high taxes, the Scandinavian countries are considered to have strong economies.
 
The hallmarks of this "Nordic model" include:<ref name="Andersen_Nordic">Torben M. Andersen, Bengt Holmström, Seppo Honkapohja, Sixten Korkman, Hans Tson Söderström, Juhana Vartiainen. [http://www.etla.fi/files/1892_the_nordic_model_complete.pdf "The Nordic Model - Embracing globalization and sharing risks"] (pdf), ''The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA)'', p.11-16. Referenced 2010-10-08.</ref>
* a comprehensive welfare state with an emphasis on transfers to households and publicly provided social services financed by taxes, which are high notably for wage income and consumption;
* a lot of public and/or private spending on investment in human capital, including child care and education as well as research and development (R&D); and
* a set of labour market institutions that include strong labour unions and employer associations, significant elements of wage coordination, relatively generous unemployment benefits and a prominent role for active labour market policies.


{{Main|Scandinavia and the social state}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:Scandinavia|Scandinavia]] on Wikipedia
* [[Wikipedia:Scandinavia|Scandinavia]] on Wikipedia
*
[[Category:Scandinavia]]

Latest revision as of 19:16, 21 June 2011

Scandinavia, historically Scandia, part of northern Europe, is generally held to consist of the two countries of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Norway and Sweden, with the addition of Denmark. Some authorities argue for the inclusion of Finland on geologic and economic grounds and of Iceland and the Faroe Islands on the grounds that their inhabitants speak North Germanic (or Scandinavian) languages related to those of Norway and Sweden.

The term Norden has also come into use to denote Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, a group of countries having affinities with one another and a distinctness from the rest of continental Europe. Among their distinguishing characteristics are thinly populated northern regions, a relative wealth of fish resources, long life expectancies, and high levels of literacy.[1]

Scandinavia and the Social State

Despite of a large welfare state and high taxes, the Scandinavian countries are considered to have strong economies.

Main article: Scandinavia and the social state

References

  1. Encyclopædia Britannica. "Scandinavia.", Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Referenced 2010-10-08.

Links