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{{Stub}}
{{Infobox Country
 
{{Infobox
|Box title = Country summary
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 title = Capital
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|Row 3 info = federal republic
|Row 3 info = federal republic
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 198,739,269<ref name="CIA_BR">CIA - The World Facebook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_br.html "Brazil"], from The World Facebook. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
|Row 4 info = 198,739,269<ref name="CIA_BR">CIA - The World Factbook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_br.html "Brazil"], from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 1.199% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_BR" />
|Row 5 info = 1.199% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_BR" />
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Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, '''Brazil''' gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil underwent more than half a century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power and a regional leader, one of the first in the area to begin an economic recovery. Highly unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems. In January 2010, Brazil assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.<ref name="CIA_BR" />
Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, '''Brazil''' gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil underwent more than half a century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power and a regional leader, one of the first in the area to begin an economic recovery. Highly unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems. In January 2010, Brazil assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.<ref name="CIA_BR" />
{{See also|Latin American debt crisis}}


==Economical characteristics==
==Economical characteristics==
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* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $645 billion (30 November 2009)<ref name="CIA_BR" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $645 billion (30 November 2009)<ref name="CIA_BR" />


===Notable events:===
* [[Banking crisis]]: 1890-1892, 1897-1898, 1900-1901, 1914, 1923, 1963, November 1985, 1990, 1994-1996<ref name="Reinhart_crisis">Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8973.html "This Time is Different"], ''Princeton University Press'', ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 353-354. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-19.</ref>
* [[Hyperinflation]]: 1988-1990, 1992-1994 (of single episode 1988-1994)
* Years in [[inflation]]:  26.1% (share of years 1822-2009 with annual inflation above 20 per cent per annum)
* [[Public default]]: 1828-1834, 1898-1901, 1902-1910, 1914-1919, 1931-1933, 1937-1943, 1961, 1964, 1983-1990 (external), 1986-1987, 1990(domestic)<ref name="Reinhart_histories">Carmen M. Reinhart. [http://www.princeton.edu/economics/seminar-schedule-by-prog/macro-s10/papers/Reinhardt-Chartbook.pdf "This Time is Different Chartbook: Country Histories on Debt, Default, and Financial Crises"] (pdf), March 3, 2010, p. 25. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-19.</ref>


===Statistics===
===Statistics===
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:Brazil|Brazil]] on Wikipedia
* [[Wikipedia:Brazil|Brazil]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.bcb.gov.br Central bank] of Brazil
* [http://www.bcb.gov.br Central bank] of Brazil
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* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1227110.stm country profile]
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1227110.stm country profile]
* [http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE69A4FI20101012 Brazil Amazon forest to be privately managed] by Raymond Colitt, Oct 2010
* [http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE69A4FI20101012 Brazil Amazon forest to be privately managed] by Raymond Colitt, Oct 2010
* [http://www.fiscalreform.net/library/pdfs/brazilian_fiscal_responsibility_law.pdf The Brazilian Fisca Responsibility Law] (pdf), May, 2000
* [http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2010/04/from-soccer-to-fiscal-responsibility-laws-brazils-impact-on-the-maldives.html From Soccer to Fiscal Responsibility Laws, Brazil’s Impact on the Maldives] by Ian Lienert, April 2010
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/globalbusiness/8270412/Brazil-slams-brakes-to-curb-inflation-risking-hot-money-tsunami.html Brazil slams brakes to curb inflation, risking hot money tsunami] by Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, January 2011
* [http://lfb.org/today/brazil-and-the-spirit-of-liberty/ Brazil and the Spirit of Liberty] by Jeffrey Tucker, May 2012
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Countries]]

Latest revision as of 08:14, 2 June 2012

Country summary

Capital

Brasilia

Borders

Argentina 1,261 km, Bolivia 3,423 km, Colombia 1,644 km, French Guiana 730 km, Guyana 1,606 km, Paraguay 1,365 km, Peru 2,995 km, Suriname 593 km, Uruguay 1,068 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

Government type

federal republic

Population

198,739,269[1]

Population growth

1.199% (2010 est.)[1]

Life expectancy

71.99 years[1]

Unemployment

8.1% (2009 est.)[1]

Index of Economic Freedom

113[2]

Corruption Perceptions Index

75[3]

Doing Business ranking

129[4]


Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil underwent more than half a century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power and a regional leader, one of the first in the area to begin an economic recovery. Highly unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems. In January 2010, Brazil assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.[1]

See also: Latin American debt crisis

Economical characteristics

  • Currency: Real (ISO code: BRL)
  • Central bank discount rate: 8.75% (31 December 2009)[1]
  • Commercial banks lending rate: 47.25% (31 December 2008)[1]
  • Stock of money (M1): $125 billion (30 November 2009)[1]
  • Quasi money (with M1 makes M2): $645 billion (30 November 2009)[1]

Notable events:

  • Banking crisis: 1890-1892, 1897-1898, 1900-1901, 1914, 1923, 1963, November 1985, 1990, 1994-1996[5]
  • Hyperinflation: 1988-1990, 1992-1994 (of single episode 1988-1994)
  • Years in inflation: 26.1% (share of years 1822-2009 with annual inflation above 20 per cent per annum)
  • Public default: 1828-1834, 1898-1901, 1902-1910, 1914-1919, 1931-1933, 1937-1943, 1961, 1964, 1983-1990 (external), 1986-1987, 1990(domestic)[6]

Statistics

Statistic / Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
GDP (million USD)[7] 586 863 644 702 553 582 504 221 552 469 663 760 882 185 1 089 060 1 333 270 1 575 150
Govt. debt (% of GDP)[8] 12.303 66.486 66.809 60.880
Govt. revenue (% of GDP)[9] 5.520 22.855 23.762 24.726
Govt. expenses (% of GDP)[10] 5.556 25.016 24.839 25.023
Debt to revenue (years) 2.229 2.909 2.812 2.462

References

Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 CIA - The World Factbook. "Brazil", from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-09-28.
  2. ↑ Heritage Foundation. "Brazil", Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-28.
  3. ↑ Transparency International. "Brazil", Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-28.
  4. ↑ Doing Business. "Brazil", Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-28.
  5. ↑ Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. "This Time is Different", Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 353-354. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-19.
  6. ↑ Carmen M. Reinhart. "This Time is Different Chartbook: Country Histories on Debt, Default, and Financial Crises" (pdf), March 3, 2010, p. 25. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-19.
  7. ↑ World Bank. "Brazil: GDP", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-28.
  8. ↑ World Bank. "Brazil: government debt", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-28.
  9. ↑ World Bank. "Brazil: government revenue", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-28.
  10. ↑ World Bank. "Brazil: government expenses", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-28.

Links

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