Without Intellectual Property - Revision history

Pestergaines: /* Links */ +res

2014-02-04T22:21:28Z

Links: +res

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:21, 4 February 2014
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	* [http://copycat-innovation.com/?p=82 In the real world, companies copy and succeed], ''Copycat Innovation'', May 2012		* [http://copycat-innovation.com/?p=82 In the real world, companies copy and succeed], ''Copycat Innovation'', May 2012
	* [http://www.zdnet.com/new-zealand-bans-software-patents-7000019955/ New Zealand bans software patents] by Rob O’Neill, August 2013		* [http://www.zdnet.com/new-zealand-bans-software-patents-7000019955/ New Zealand bans software patents] by Rob O’Neill, August 2013
			* [http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2014/02/03/editorial-why-games-should-enter-the-public-domain/ Editorial: Why Games Should Enter The Public Domain] by John Walker, February 2014

	[[Category:Intellectual property]]		[[Category:Intellectual property]]
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Pestergaines: /* Links */ +res

2013-11-03T10:42:04Z

Links: +res

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:42, 3 November 2013
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	* [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Law/IntellectualProperty/IntellectualProperty/?view=usa&ci=9780195399783 The Knockoff Economy: How Imitation Sparks Innovation] (summary, [http://books.google.de/books?id=nVQAgIRo06EC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books preview]) by Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman, Aug 2012		* [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Law/IntellectualProperty/IntellectualProperty/?view=usa&ci=9780195399783 The Knockoff Economy: How Imitation Sparks Innovation] (summary, [http://books.google.de/books?id=nVQAgIRo06EC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books preview]) by Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman, Aug 2012
	* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khuuKIL5U8s Can Artists Make Money Without Copyrights?] (video) with Stephen Davies, March 2013		* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khuuKIL5U8s Can Artists Make Money Without Copyrights?] (video) with Stephen Davies, March 2013
			* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Njuo1puB1lg Michael Masnick The Trent Reznor case study] (video), February 2009
	* [http://copycat-innovation.com/?p=82 In the real world, companies copy and succeed], ''Copycat Innovation'', May 2012		* [http://copycat-innovation.com/?p=82 In the real world, companies copy and succeed], ''Copycat Innovation'', May 2012
	* [http://www.zdnet.com/new-zealand-bans-software-patents-7000019955/ New Zealand bans software patents] by Rob O’Neill, August 2013		* [http://www.zdnet.com/new-zealand-bans-software-patents-7000019955/ New Zealand bans software patents] by Rob O’Neill, August 2013

Pestergaines: /* Other ways to deal with a lack of IP */ Finding the right customer.

2013-11-03T10:34:16Z

Other ways to deal with a lack of IP: Finding the right customer.

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 ===Directly selling information===
 People will pay for information they think they can make money from. That's why they paid for those stock tip newsletters, and why companies pay now for Bloomberg terminals and Economist Intelligence Unit reports. There have always been people in the business of selling information, but that has historically been a distinct business from publishing. And the business of selling information to consumers has always been a marginal one.<ref name="Graham_Publishing">Paul Graham. [http://www.paulgraham.com/publishing.html "Post-Medium Publishing"], September 2009. Referenced 2011-10-01.</ref>
 ===Owning the channel===

Pestergaines: /* Links */ +res

2013-08-31T15:50:48Z

Links: +res

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 31 August 2013
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	* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khuuKIL5U8s Can Artists Make Money Without Copyrights?] (video) with Stephen Davies, March 2013		* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khuuKIL5U8s Can Artists Make Money Without Copyrights?] (video) with Stephen Davies, March 2013
	* [http://copycat-innovation.com/?p=82 In the real world, companies copy and succeed], ''Copycat Innovation'', May 2012		* [http://copycat-innovation.com/?p=82 In the real world, companies copy and succeed], ''Copycat Innovation'', May 2012
			* [http://www.zdnet.com/new-zealand-bans-software-patents-7000019955/ New Zealand bans software patents] by Rob O’Neill, August 2013

	[[Category:Intellectual property]]		[[Category:Intellectual property]]
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Pestergaines: /* Links */ +res

2013-07-13T15:24:25Z

Links: +res

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:24, 13 July 2013
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	* [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Law/IntellectualProperty/IntellectualProperty/?view=usa&ci=9780195399783 The Knockoff Economy: How Imitation Sparks Innovation] (summary, [http://books.google.de/books?id=nVQAgIRo06EC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books preview]) by Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman, Aug 2012		* [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Law/IntellectualProperty/IntellectualProperty/?view=usa&ci=9780195399783 The Knockoff Economy: How Imitation Sparks Innovation] (summary, [http://books.google.de/books?id=nVQAgIRo06EC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books preview]) by Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman, Aug 2012
	* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khuuKIL5U8s Can Artists Make Money Without Copyrights?] (video) with Stephen Davies, March 2013		* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khuuKIL5U8s Can Artists Make Money Without Copyrights?] (video) with Stephen Davies, March 2013
			* [http://copycat-innovation.com/?p=82 In the real world, companies copy and succeed], ''Copycat Innovation'', May 2012

	[[Category:Intellectual property]]		[[Category:Intellectual property]]
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Pestergaines: /* Links */ +res

2013-04-15T06:11:39Z

Links: +res

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:11, 15 April 2013
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	* [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2038772 Exchanging Information Without Intellectual Property] (abstract, [https://ecgi.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=787119070001116025010119026093071068125005068013093026075075119088100082100103123085029055063104039010060024125009011092000102019036075005000010106018025122077127091006035122107064119021027097009119096&EXT=pdf pdf]) by Michael J. Burstein, December 2012		* [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2038772 Exchanging Information Without Intellectual Property] (abstract, [https://ecgi.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=787119070001116025010119026093071068125005068013093026075075119088100082100103123085029055063104039010060024125009011092000102019036075005000010106018025122077127091006035122107064119021027097009119096&EXT=pdf pdf]) by Michael J. Burstein, December 2012
	* [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Law/IntellectualProperty/IntellectualProperty/?view=usa&ci=9780195399783 The Knockoff Economy: How Imitation Sparks Innovation] (summary, [http://books.google.de/books?id=nVQAgIRo06EC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books preview]) by Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman, Aug 2012		* [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Law/IntellectualProperty/IntellectualProperty/?view=usa&ci=9780195399783 The Knockoff Economy: How Imitation Sparks Innovation] (summary, [http://books.google.de/books?id=nVQAgIRo06EC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books preview]) by Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman, Aug 2012
			* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khuuKIL5U8s Can Artists Make Money Without Copyrights?] (video) with Stephen Davies, March 2013

	[[Category:Intellectual property]]		[[Category:Intellectual property]]
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Pestergaines: Undo revision 22828 by 79.168.255.33 (talk) Please substantiate the evidence - are there any studies etc. that confirm this?

2013-04-07T07:29:40Z

Undo revision 22828 by 79.168.255.33 (talk) Please substantiate the evidence - are there any studies etc. that confirm this?

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:29, 7 April 2013
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	He took it one step further and set up a WordPress blog, Pirate Coelho, where he posts links to free copies of his books on filesharing networks, FTP sites, and so on. He says it had a direct impact on sales.<ref name="Alchemist_Coelho">[http://torrentfreak.com/alchemist-author-pirates-own-books-080124/ "Alchemist Author Pirates His Own Books"], January 24, 2008. [http://en.sevenload.com/videos/bIjFXZD-DLD08-Day1-Creating-universes "Day1 - Creating universes"], uploaded on Jan 21, 2008. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref> His online e-mail newsletter, published since 2000, has 200,000 subscribers. In 2006 he started blogging, in 2007 he joined MySpace and Facebook to interact more actively with readers. By 2007 Coelho's total print sales worldwide surpassed 100 million books. "Once we did the Pirate Coelho there was a significant boost," he says. "Publishing is in a kind of Jurassic age," Coelho continues. "Publishers see free downloads as threatening the sales of the book. But this should make them rethink their entire business model."<ref name="Kirkpatrick_Author">David Kirkpatrick. [http://money.cnn.com/2008/02/01/technology/kirkpatrick_coehlo.fortune/index.htm "Author Paulo Coelho's profitable Net obsession"], ''CNN Money'', February 1 2008. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref>		He took it one step further and set up a WordPress blog, Pirate Coelho, where he posts links to free copies of his books on filesharing networks, FTP sites, and so on. He says it had a direct impact on sales.<ref name="Alchemist_Coelho">[http://torrentfreak.com/alchemist-author-pirates-own-books-080124/ "Alchemist Author Pirates His Own Books"], January 24, 2008. [http://en.sevenload.com/videos/bIjFXZD-DLD08-Day1-Creating-universes "Day1 - Creating universes"], uploaded on Jan 21, 2008. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref> His online e-mail newsletter, published since 2000, has 200,000 subscribers. In 2006 he started blogging, in 2007 he joined MySpace and Facebook to interact more actively with readers. By 2007 Coelho's total print sales worldwide surpassed 100 million books. "Once we did the Pirate Coelho there was a significant boost," he says. "Publishing is in a kind of Jurassic age," Coelho continues. "Publishers see free downloads as threatening the sales of the book. But this should make them rethink their entire business model."<ref name="Kirkpatrick_Author">David Kirkpatrick. [http://money.cnn.com/2008/02/01/technology/kirkpatrick_coehlo.fortune/index.htm "Author Paulo Coelho's profitable Net obsession"], ''CNN Money'', February 1 2008. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref>

	However, there is mounting evidence that this is only true for authors that are well known by the public. Authors that are unknown or new to the public don't get the same boost effect that is described above.

	===Academic and Ideological Authors===		===Academic and Ideological Authors===

79.168.255.33: /* Books for free leading to increased sales */

2013-04-06T15:42:27Z

Books for free leading to increased sales

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:42, 6 April 2013
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	He took it one step further and set up a WordPress blog, Pirate Coelho, where he posts links to free copies of his books on filesharing networks, FTP sites, and so on. He says it had a direct impact on sales.<ref name="Alchemist_Coelho">[http://torrentfreak.com/alchemist-author-pirates-own-books-080124/ "Alchemist Author Pirates His Own Books"], January 24, 2008. [http://en.sevenload.com/videos/bIjFXZD-DLD08-Day1-Creating-universes "Day1 - Creating universes"], uploaded on Jan 21, 2008. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref> His online e-mail newsletter, published since 2000, has 200,000 subscribers. In 2006 he started blogging, in 2007 he joined MySpace and Facebook to interact more actively with readers. By 2007 Coelho's total print sales worldwide surpassed 100 million books. "Once we did the Pirate Coelho there was a significant boost," he says. "Publishing is in a kind of Jurassic age," Coelho continues. "Publishers see free downloads as threatening the sales of the book. But this should make them rethink their entire business model."<ref name="Kirkpatrick_Author">David Kirkpatrick. [http://money.cnn.com/2008/02/01/technology/kirkpatrick_coehlo.fortune/index.htm "Author Paulo Coelho's profitable Net obsession"], ''CNN Money'', February 1 2008. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref>		He took it one step further and set up a WordPress blog, Pirate Coelho, where he posts links to free copies of his books on filesharing networks, FTP sites, and so on. He says it had a direct impact on sales.<ref name="Alchemist_Coelho">[http://torrentfreak.com/alchemist-author-pirates-own-books-080124/ "Alchemist Author Pirates His Own Books"], January 24, 2008. [http://en.sevenload.com/videos/bIjFXZD-DLD08-Day1-Creating-universes "Day1 - Creating universes"], uploaded on Jan 21, 2008. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref> His online e-mail newsletter, published since 2000, has 200,000 subscribers. In 2006 he started blogging, in 2007 he joined MySpace and Facebook to interact more actively with readers. By 2007 Coelho's total print sales worldwide surpassed 100 million books. "Once we did the Pirate Coelho there was a significant boost," he says. "Publishing is in a kind of Jurassic age," Coelho continues. "Publishers see free downloads as threatening the sales of the book. But this should make them rethink their entire business model."<ref name="Kirkpatrick_Author">David Kirkpatrick. [http://money.cnn.com/2008/02/01/technology/kirkpatrick_coehlo.fortune/index.htm "Author Paulo Coelho's profitable Net obsession"], ''CNN Money'', February 1 2008. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref>

			However, there is mounting evidence that this is only true for authors that are well known by the public. Authors that are unknown or new to the public don't get the same boost effect that is described above.

	===Academic and Ideological Authors===		===Academic and Ideological Authors===

98.28.166.53 at 21:34, 4 April 2013

2013-04-04T21:34:22Z

98.28.166.53: /* Blockbuster movies */

2013-04-04T21:28:20Z

Blockbuster movies

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:28, 4 April 2013
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	===Blockbuster movies===		===Blockbuster movies===
	It is sometimes alleged, ~~that~~ without a copyright monopoly, multi-million dollar movie productions would never happen in case there wasn’t a guaranteed return on investment.		It is sometimes alleged that, without a copyright monopoly, multi-million dollar movie productions would never happen in case there wasn’t a guaranteed return on investment.

	First, it’s a contradiction in terms. By definition, an [[investment]] is the acceptance of a [[risk]] for a possible return which is larger than the initial investment; there is no such thing as a right to profit off of any endeavor.		First, it’s a contradiction in terms. By definition, an [[investment]] is the acceptance of a [[risk]] for a possible return which is larger than the initial investment; there is no such thing as a right to profit off of any endeavor.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:34, 4 April 2013
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	The internet is a copy machine. Our digital communication network has been engineered so that copies flow with as little friction as possible. If reproductions of our best efforts are free, how can we keep going? To put it simply, how does one make money selling free copies?		The internet is a copy machine. Our digital communication network has been engineered so that copies flow with as little friction as possible. If reproductions of our best efforts are free, how can we keep going? To put it simply, how does one make money selling free copies?

	In his article "Better than free", Kevin Kelly answers: '''When copies are free, you need to sell things which ~~can not~~ be copied.''' He specifies eight "generatives", that ~~can not~~ be copied, cloned, faked, replicated, counterfeited, or reproduced. A generative value is a quality or attribute that must be generated, grown, cultivated, nurtured. In the digital arena, generative qualities add value to free copies, and therefore are something that can be sold.		In his article "Better than free", Kevin Kelly answers: '''When copies are free, you need to sell things which cannot be copied.''' He specifies eight "generatives" that cannot be copied, cloned, faked, replicated, counterfeited, or reproduced. A generative value is a quality or attribute that must be generated, grown, cultivated, nurtured. In the digital arena, generative qualities add value to free copies, and therefore are something that can be sold.

	* '''Immediacy''': Sooner or later you can find a free copy of whatever you want, but getting a copy delivered to your inbox the moment it is released - or even better, produced - by its creators is a generative asset. Many people go to movie theaters to see films on the opening night, where they will pay a hefty price to see a film that later will be available for free, or almost free, via rental or download. Hardcover books command a premium for their immediacy, disguised as a harder cover. First in line often commands an extra price for the same good. As a sellable quality, immediacy has many levels, including access to beta versions. Fans are brought into the generative process itself. Beta versions are often de-valued because they are incomplete, but they also possess generative qualities that can be sold. Immediacy is a relative term, which is why it is generative. It has to fit with the product and the audience. A blog has a different sense of time than a movie, or a car. But immediacy can be found in any media.		* '''Immediacy''': Sooner or later you can find a free copy of whatever you want, but getting a copy delivered to your inbox the moment it is released - or even better, produced - by its creators is a generative asset. Many people go to movie theaters to see films on the opening night, where they will pay a hefty price to see a film that later will be available for free, or almost free, via rental or download. Hardcover books command a premium for their immediacy, disguised as a harder cover. First in line often commands an extra price for the same good. As a sellable quality, immediacy has many levels, including access to beta versions. Fans are brought into the generative process itself. Beta versions are often de-valued because they are incomplete, but they also possess generative qualities that can be sold. Immediacy is a relative term, which is why it is generative. It has to fit with the product and the audience. A blog has a different sense of time than a movie, or a car. But immediacy can be found in any media.
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	The biggest threat from pirated ebooks is to the most established franchise authors. In Tim O’Reilly's observations about piracy: obscurity is a greater threat to most authors than piracy, and piracy is "progressive taxation."<ref name="Living_Books">[http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091126/1153467096.shtml "Creating Living Books: A Defense Against 'Piracy'?"], ''techdirt'', Dec 10th 2009. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref>		The biggest threat from pirated ebooks is to the most established franchise authors. In Tim O’Reilly's observations about piracy: obscurity is a greater threat to most authors than piracy, and piracy is "progressive taxation."<ref name="Living_Books">[http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091126/1153467096.shtml "Creating Living Books: A Defense Against 'Piracy'?"], ''techdirt'', Dec 10th 2009. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref>

	The most popular authors are also the ones who have the biggest personal followings. They are the most capable of adding material: notes about what they’re working on, correspondence with fans or critics, even observations about other people’s books, that would add some value for many of the readers of their stories. In fact, a regular "update to my readers" from a top-flight author that is available only in their ebooks, or to purchasers of their ebooks, would be an attraction to many and could serve as a constant reminder that downloading their books from illegitimate sources is cheating them.<ref name="Shatzkin_piracy">Mike Shatzkin. [http://www.idealog.com/blog/some-thoughts-about-piracy "Some thoughts about piracy"], ''The Shatzkin Files'', November 25, 2009. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref>		The most popular authors are also the ones who have the biggest personal followings. They are the most capable of adding material: notes about what they’re working on, correspondence with fans or critics, even observations about other people’s books that would add some value for many of the readers of their stories. In fact, a regular "update to my readers" from a top-flight author that is available only in their ebooks, or to purchasers of their ebooks, would be an attraction to many and could serve as a constant reminder that downloading their books from illegitimate sources is cheating them.<ref name="Shatzkin_piracy">Mike Shatzkin. [http://www.idealog.com/blog/some-thoughts-about-piracy "Some thoughts about piracy"], ''The Shatzkin Files'', November 25, 2009. Referenced 2011-10-18.</ref>

	===Keeping the physical form===		===Keeping the physical form===
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	Prior to the 1981 U.S. Supreme Court decision in ''Diamond vs Diehr'', it was not possible to patent software at all and the current burst of patent lawsuits originates in the subsequent extension of patents to software products in the 1994 Federal Circuit Court ruling ''In re Alapat''.		Prior to the 1981 U.S. Supreme Court decision in ''Diamond vs Diehr'', it was not possible to patent software at all and the current burst of patent lawsuits originates in the subsequent extension of patents to software products in the 1994 Federal Circuit Court ruling ''In re Alapat''.

	Not only did patents play no role in software innovation, copyrights played only a limited role. While computer programs were often copyrighted, in the early years of the PC industry, copyright was seldom respected or enforced. [[Microsoft]] made little effort either legal or technical to protect their "intellectual property" in their early creative days. It is in the 21st century, that they invest their time and energy in the prevention of copying.		Not only did patents play no role in software innovation, copyrights played only a limited role. While computer programs were often copyrighted, in the early years of the PC industry, copyright was seldom respected or enforced. [[Microsoft]] made little effort either legal or technical to protect their "intellectual property" in their early creative days. It is in the 21st century that they invest their time and energy in the prevention of copying.

	The best evidence that copyright and patents are not needed and that competition leads to thriving innovation in the software industry, is its thriving and innovative portion developing [[open source software]].<ref name="Boldrin_Monopoly">Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine. [[Against Intellectual Monopoly]], Chapter 2, p. 19-23.</ref>		The best evidence that copyright and patents are not needed and that competition leads to thriving innovation in the software industry, is its thriving and innovative portion developing [[open source software]].<ref name="Boldrin_Monopoly">Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine. [[Against Intellectual Monopoly]], Chapter 2, p. 19-23.</ref>
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	But let’s assume that everything could spread freely as soon as it was digitized, and that this would result in no more revenue for a certain blockbuster movie once it was shared in the wild (which is a completely false assumption, but one that the copyright monopoly maximalists argue, and so, let’s stick with it for the sake of argument).		But let’s assume that everything could spread freely as soon as it was digitized, and that this would result in no more revenue for a certain blockbuster movie once it was shared in the wild (which is a completely false assumption, but one that the copyright monopoly maximalists argue, and so, let’s stick with it for the sake of argument).

	This means, that after the opening weekend of a blockbuster, it would yield no more revenue under this (false) assumption. As an example, the movie Return of the King cost 94 million US dollars to make. On opening weekend, it grossed 199 million.<ref name="Box_Return">[http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=returnoftheking.htm "The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King"], ''Box Office Mojo''. $199 million is a sum of the "foreign" and "domestic" (US) total grosses for the opening weekend. Referenced 2012-02-01.</ref> That’s over a 100% return on investment before a digital copy could be fileshared in the wild.		This means that after the opening weekend of a blockbuster, it would yield no more revenue under this (false) assumption. As an example, the movie Return of the King cost 94 million US dollars to make. On opening weekend, it grossed 199 million.<ref name="Box_Return">[http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=returnoftheking.htm "The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King"], ''Box Office Mojo''. $199 million is a sum of the "foreign" and "domestic" (US) total grosses for the opening weekend. Referenced 2012-02-01.</ref> That’s over a 100% return on investment before a digital copy could be fileshared in the wild.

	The next wave of that argument is that all movies don’t reach the 100-percent level of return on investment during opening weekend. That is true, of course. Some reach more, some less, some go at a loss.		The next wave of that argument is that all movies don’t reach the 100-percent level of return on investment during opening weekend. That is true, of course. Some reach more, some less, some go at a loss.