Turkey - Revision history

Pestergaines: /* Economical characteristics */ Crises added.

2011-07-21T20:38:30Z

Economical characteristics: Crises added.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:38, 21 July 2011
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	* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2\|M2]]): $313.5 billion (31 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_TR" />		* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2\|M2]]): $313.5 billion (31 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_TR" />

			===Notable events:===
			* [[Banking crisis]]: July 1931, 1982-1985, January 1991, April 1994, 2000<ref name="Reinhart_crisis">Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8973.html "This Time is Different"], ''Princeton University Press'', ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 386. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-21.</ref>
			* Years in [[inflation]]: 35.6% (share of years 1923-2009 with annual inflation above 20 per cent per annum)
			* [[Public default]]: 1876-1881, 1915-1928, 1931-1932, 1940-1943, 1959, 1965, 1978-1979, 1982, 2000-2001 (external)<ref name="Reinhart_histories">Carmen M. Reinhart. [http://www.princeton.edu/economics/seminar-schedule-by-prog/macro-s10/papers/Reinhardt-Chartbook.pdf "This Time is Different Chartbook: Country Histories on Debt, Default, and Financial Crises"] (pdf), March 3, 2010, p. 112. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-21.</ref>

	===Statistics===		===Statistics===

Pesterbot: Country Infobox restored

2011-06-21T21:29:06Z

Country Infobox restored

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:29, 21 June 2011
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	{{Stub}}		{{Stub}}

	{{Infobox		{{Infobox Country
	\|Box title = Country summary		\|Box title = Country summary
	\|Row 1 title = Capital		\|Row 1 title = Capital

Pesterbot: External Links to Links, replaced: ==External links== → ==Links==, The World Facebook → The World Factbook (2)

2011-06-21T19:25:49Z

External Links to Links, replaced: ==External links== → ==Links==, The World Facebook → The World Factbook (2)

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:25, 21 June 2011
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	\|Row 3 info = republican parliamentary democracy		\|Row 3 info = republican parliamentary democracy
	\|Row 4 title = Population		\|Row 4 title = Population
	\|Row 4 info = 76,805,524 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_TR">CIA - The World ~~Facebook~~. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_tu.html "Turkey"], from The World ~~Facebook~~. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>		\|Row 4 info = 76,805,524 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_TR">CIA - The World Factbook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_tu.html "Turkey"], from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
	\|Row 5 title = Population growth		\|Row 5 title = Population growth
	\|Row 5 info = 1.312% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_TR" />		\|Row 5 info = 1.312% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_TR" />
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	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	==~~External links~~==		==Links==
	* [[Wikipedia:Turkey\|Turkey]] on Wikipedia		* [[Wikipedia:Turkey\|Turkey]] on Wikipedia
	* [http://www.tcmb.gov.tr Central bank] of Turkey		* [http://www.tcmb.gov.tr Central bank] of Turkey

Pestergaines: Link to the EU.

2010-12-02T21:20:39Z

Link to the EU.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:20, 2 December 2010
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	}}		}}

	Modern '''Turkey''' was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and intermittent military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on [[Cyprus]] in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known as the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 30,000 lives. After the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK announced an end to its ceasefire and attacks attributed to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO; it holds a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council during 2009-10. In 1964, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its democracy and economy; it began accession membership talks with the European Union in 2005.<ref name="CIA_TR" />		Modern '''Turkey''' was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and intermittent military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on [[Cyprus]] in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known as the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 30,000 lives. After the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK announced an end to its ceasefire and attacks attributed to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO; it holds a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council during 2009-10. In 1964, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its democracy and economy; it began accession membership talks with the [[European Union]] in 2005.<ref name="CIA_TR" />

	==Economical characteristics==		==Economical characteristics==

Pestergaines: 1 revision: Importing pages from Autrian Economics Wiki.

2010-11-06T12:42:55Z

1 revision: Importing pages from Autrian Economics Wiki.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:42, 6 November 2010
(No difference)

Pestergaines: Created initial page.

2010-09-30T11:25:36Z

Created initial page.

New page

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Ankara
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = [[Armenia]] 268 km, [[Azerbaijan]] 9 km, [[Bulgaria]] 240 km, [[Georgia]] 252 km, [[Greece]] 206 km, [[Iran]] 499 km, [[Iraq]] 352 km, [[Syria]] 822 km
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = republican parliamentary democracy
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 76,805,524 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_TR">CIA - The World Facebook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_tu.html "Turkey"], from The World Facebook. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 1.312% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_TR" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 71.96 years<ref name="CIA_TR" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = 14.1% (2009 est.)<ref name="CIA_TR" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Index of Economic Freedom|Index of Economic Freedom]]
|Row 8 info = 67<ref name="Heritage_TR">Heritage Foundation. [http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/Turkey "Turkey"], Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 9 info = 61<ref name="Transparency_TR">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Turkey"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 10 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 10 info = 73<ref name="Business_TR">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Turkey"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
}}

Modern '''Turkey''' was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and intermittent military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on [[Cyprus]] in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known as the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 30,000 lives. After the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK announced an end to its ceasefire and attacks attributed to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO; it holds a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council during 2009-10. In 1964, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its democracy and economy; it began accession membership talks with the European Union in 2005.<ref name="CIA_TR" />

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': Turkish lira (ISO code: TRY)
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 15% (22 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_TR" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': NA%<ref name="CIA_TR" />
* '''Stock of money''' ([[Money supply#M1|M1]]): $37.1 billion (31 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_TR" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $313.5 billion (31 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_TR" />

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_TR">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/tr/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Turkey: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
| 248 961
| 267 209
| 196 036
| 232 745
| 304 594
| 393 038
| 483 992
| 529 932
| 647 846
| 734 853
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_TR">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/tr/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Turkey: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 51.500
| 44.352
| 44.509
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_TR">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/tr/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Turkey: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 24.997
| 25.837
| 22.559
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_TR">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/tr/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Turkey: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 22.151
| 24.546
| 22.827
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2.060
| 1.717
| 1.973
|}

==References==
<small>Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.</small>
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [[Wikipedia:Turkey|Turkey]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.tcmb.gov.tr Central bank] of Turkey
* [http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/documents/EnterpriseSurveys/Reports/Turkey-2008.pdf Country profile] (pdf) from the Enterprise Studies page (part of the The World Bank Group)
* [http://countrystudies.us/turkey/ Studies] from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1022222.stm country profile]
[[Category:Countries]]