Chile - Revision history

Pestergaines: /* Links */ +res

2013-02-24T09:17:08Z

Links: +res

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	* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1222764.stm country profile]		* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1222764.stm country profile]
	* [http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/how-we-privatized-social-security-in-chile/ How We Privatized Social Security in Chile] by José Piñera		* [http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/how-we-privatized-social-security-in-chile/ How We Privatized Social Security in Chile] by José Piñera
			* [http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/chiles-social-security-lesson-us Chile’s Social Security Lesson For The U.S.] by José Piñera, December 1997

	[[Category:Countries]]		[[Category:Countries]]

Pestergaines: /* Links */ +res

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	* [http://countrystudies.us/chile/ Studies] from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)		* [http://countrystudies.us/chile/ Studies] from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)
	* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1222764.stm country profile]		* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1222764.stm country profile]
			* [http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/how-we-privatized-social-security-in-chile/ How We Privatized Social Security in Chile] by José Piñera
	[[Category:Countries]]		[[Category:Countries]]

Pestergaines: /* Economical characteristics */ Crises added.

2011-07-19T21:56:03Z

Economical characteristics: Crises added.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:56, 19 July 2011
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	* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2\|M2]]): $73.66 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CL" />		* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2\|M2]]): $73.66 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CL" />

			===Notable events:===
			* [[Banking crisis]]: July 1898, 1907, 1976, 1980<ref name="Reinhart_crisis">Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8973.html "This Time is Different"], ''Princeton University Press'', ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 356-357. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-19.</ref>
			* [[Public default]]: 1826-1842, 1880-1883, 1931-1947, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1972, 1974-1975, 1983-1990 (external)
			* Years in [[inflation]]: 20.3% (share of years 1818-2009 with annual inflation above 20 per cent per annum)<ref name="Reinhart_histories">Carmen M. Reinhart. [http://www.princeton.edu/economics/seminar-schedule-by-prog/macro-s10/papers/Reinhardt-Chartbook.pdf "This Time is Different Chartbook: Country Histories on Debt, Default, and Financial Crises"] (pdf), March 3, 2010, p. 31. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-19.</ref>

	===Inflation in Chile, 1878-1914===		===Inflation in Chile, 1878-1914===

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	{{Infobox		{{Infobox Country
	\|Box title = Country summary		\|Box title = Country summary
	\|Row 1 title = Capital		\|Row 1 title = Capital

Pesterbot: External Links to Links, replaced: ==External links== → ==Links==, The World Facebook → The World Factbook (2)

2011-06-21T19:43:17Z

External Links to Links, replaced: ==External links== → ==Links==, The World Facebook → The World Factbook (2)

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	\|Row 3 info = republic		\|Row 3 info = republic
	\|Row 4 title = Population		\|Row 4 title = Population
	\|Row 4 info = 16,601,707 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_CL">CIA - The World ~~Facebook~~. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_ci.html "Chile"], from The World ~~Facebook~~. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>		\|Row 4 info = 16,601,707 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_CL">CIA - The World Factbook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_ci.html "Chile"], from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
	\|Row 5 title = Population growth		\|Row 5 title = Population growth
	\|Row 5 info = 0.881% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_CL" />		\|Row 5 info = 0.881% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_CL" />
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	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	==~~External links~~==		==Links==
	* [[Wikipedia:Chile\|Chile]] on Wikipedia		* [[Wikipedia:Chile\|Chile]] on Wikipedia
	* [http://www.bcentral.cl Central bank] of Chile		* [http://www.bcentral.cl Central bank] of Chile

Wobbles at 17:53, 26 March 2011

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	~~{{Stub}}~~

	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
	\|Box title = Country summary		\|Box title = Country summary

Pestergaines: Added a section on the inflation in Chile.

2010-11-17T23:32:49Z

Added a section on the inflation in Chile.

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:32, 17 November 2010
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	* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2\|M2]]): $73.66 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CL" />		* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2\|M2]]): $73.66 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CL" />


			===Inflation in Chile, 1878-1914===
			Chile was a strongly export-oriented country, and badly hit in 1878 by an economic crisis in Europe. The banks were not able to redeem their banknotes for hard money, so the state suspended redemption and gave the notes a fixed exchange rate. In the next year, a war broke out with [[Bolivia]] and [[Peru]] (1879-1884) and Chile began to issue its own banknotes. Despite winning the war, their value against the golden Peso contined to fall; by 1886 to almost a half of the pre-war exchange rate. The unstable economic conditions and speculation led to an attempt to return to the old silver currency - foiled by the civil war in 1891. The currency fell even further. To stop the inflation, a change to gold was proposed, used then in almost all of Europe. A limit on the number of issued banknotes was made law and the state's treasury was used to cover this money. A large amount of gold (in value of $37.8 million) and silver coins ($8 million) were minted.

			Even then, the economic conditions remained troublesome. A weakening of the export and mining industry coincided with bad harvests. In 1898, due to the threat of a war with [[Argentina]], a [[bank run]] has found the banks unprepared. To avoid a collapse of the economy, the state took over the banks' banknotes. (However, they were lent to the banks at a 2% rate, and so they kept an indirect influence on the issue of banknotes.)

			To prepare for the war, the president was authorized to issue further $50 millions of paper money. As a result of the new wave of inflation, the gold coins, kept at par with the paper money, have vanished from circulation and 'left the country' (see [[Gresham's Law]]). The convertibility of the paper money to gold was repealed. The monetary conditions did not recover until the increase in exports and economic recovery associated with the [[First World War]].<ref name="Gaettens_Chile">Richard Gaettens. ''Geschichte der Inflationen Von Altertum bis zum Gegenwart'' (German: History of Inflations from Old Ages to the Present), ''Chile'', p. 227-229. ISBN: ISBN 3-87045-211-0. Referenced 2010-11-18.</ref>

	===Statistics===		===Statistics===

Pestergaines: 1 revision: Importing pages from Autrian Economics Wiki.

2010-11-06T08:24:24Z

1 revision: Importing pages from Autrian Economics Wiki.

← Older revision	Revision as of 08:24, 6 November 2010
(No difference)

Pestergaines: Created initial page.

2010-09-28T12:42:03Z

Created initial page.

New page

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Santiago
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = [[Argentina]] 5,308 km, [[Bolivia]] 860 km, [[Peru]] 171 km
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = republic
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 16,601,707 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_CL">CIA - The World Facebook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_ci.html "Chile"], from The World Facebook. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 0.881% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_CL" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 77.34 years<ref name="CIA_CL" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = 9.6% (2009 est.)<ref name="CIA_CL" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Index of Economic Freedom|Index of Economic Freedom]]
|Row 8 info = 10<ref name="Heritage_CL">Heritage Foundation. [http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/Chile "Chile"], Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 9 info = 25<ref name="Transparency_CL">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Chile"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
|Row 10 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 10 info = 49<ref name="Business_CL">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Chile"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
}}

Prior to the coming of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern '''Chile''' was under Inca rule while the indigenous Mapuche inhabited central and southern Chile. Although Chile declared its independence in 1810, decisive victory over the Spanish was not achieved until 1818. In the War of the Pacific (1879-83), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia and won its present northern regions. It was not until the 1880s that the Mapuche Indians were completely subjugated. After a series of elected governments, a three-year-old Marxist government of Salvador ALLENDE was overthrown in 1973 by a military coup led by Augusto PINOCHET, who ruled until a freely elected president was installed in 1990. Sound economic policies, maintained consistently since the 1980s, have contributed to steady growth, reduced poverty rates by over half, and have helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government. Chile has increasingly assumed regional and international leadership roles befitting its status as a stable, democratic nation.<ref name="CIA_CL" />

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': Peso (ISO code: CLP)
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 8.25% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CL" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': 13.26% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CL" />
* '''Stock of money''' ([[Money supply#M1|M1]]): $14.72 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CL" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $73.66 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CL" />

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_CL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/cl/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Chile: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
| 72 995
| 75 211
| 68 568
| 67 265
| 73 990
| 95 653
| 118 250
| 146 773
| 163 878
| 169 458
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_CL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/cl/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Chile: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_CL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/cl/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Chile: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
|
| 21.626
| 21.734
| 21.084
| 20.687
| 22.004
| 23.785
| 25.775
| 27.486
| 25.977
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_CL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/cl/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Chile: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-28.</ref>
|
| 20.953
| 20.920
| 20.998
| 19.995
| 18.861
| 18.149
| 16.997
| 17.285
| 19.677
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==References==
<small>Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.</small>
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [[Wikipedia:Chile|Chile]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.bcentral.cl Central bank] of Chile
* [http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/documents/EnterpriseSurveys/Reports/CHILE.pdf Country profile] (pdf) from the Enterprise Studies page (part of the The World Bank Group)
* [http://countrystudies.us/chile/ Studies] from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1222764.stm country profile]
[[Category:Countries]]