The Austrian Economics Wiki - User contributions [en]

Sao Tome and Principe

2011-11-02T08:50:36Z

MMSequeira:

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox Country
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Sao Tome (São Tomé)
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = (N/A)
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = republic
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 212,679 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_ST">CIA - The World Factbook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_tp.html "Sao Tome and Principe"], from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 3.093% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_ST" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 68.32 years<ref name="CIA_ST" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = NA%<ref name="CIA_ST" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Index of Economic Freedom|Index of Economic Freedom]]
|Row 8 info = 149<ref name="Heritage_ST">Heritage Foundation. [http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/Greece "Sao Tome and Principe"], Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-21.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 9 info = 111<ref name="Transparency_ST">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Sao Tome and Principe"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|Row 10 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 10 info = 180<ref name="Business_ST">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Sao Tome and Principe"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-21.</ref>
}}

Sao Tome and Principe (São Tomé e Príncipe) was discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and two failed coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea promises to attract increased attention to the small island nation.<ref name="CIA_ST" />

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': Dobra (ISO code: STD)
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 16% (31 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_ST" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': 32.4% (31 December 2009 )<ref name="CIA_ST" />
* '''Stock of money''' ([[Money supply#M1|M1]]): $27.84 million (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_ST" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $36.95 million (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_ST" />

===Notable events:===
* [[Banking crisis]]: 1991<ref name="Reinhart_crisis">Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8973.html "This Time is Different"], ''Princeton University Press'', ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 381. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-21.</ref>

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_ST">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/st/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Sao Tome and Principe: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|
|
| 76.460
| 90.714
| 97.994
| 106.765
| 113.808
| 124.524
| 144.919
| 174.610
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_ST">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/st/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Sao Tome and Principe: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_ST">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/st/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Sao Tome and Principe: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_ST">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/st/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Sao Tome and Principe: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==References==
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:Sao Tome and Principe|Sao Tome and Principe]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.bcstp.st/ Central bank] of Sao Tome and Principe
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1064541.stm country profile]
[[Category:Countries]]

Guinea-Bissau

2011-11-02T08:49:23Z

MMSequeira:

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox Country
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Bissau
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = [[Guinea]] 386 km, [[Senegal]] 338 km
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = republic
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 1,533,964 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_GW">CIA - The World Factbook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_pu.html "Guinea-Bissau"], from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 2.019% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_GW" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 47.9 years<ref name="CIA_GW" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = NA% est.)<ref name="CIA_GW" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Index of Economic Freedom|Index of Economic Freedom]]
|Row 8 info = 167<ref name="Heritage_GW">Heritage Foundation. [http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/Cameroon "Guinea-Bissau"], Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 9 info = 162<ref name="Transparency_GW">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Guinea-Bissau"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|Row 10 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 10 info = 181<ref name="Business_GW">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Guinea-Bissau"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
}}

Since independence from Portugal in 1974, '''Guinea-Bissau''' (Guiné-Bissau) has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established authoritarian dictator Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. Despite setting a path to a market economy and multiparty system, VIEIRA's regime was characterized by the suppression of political opposition and the purging of political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In 1994 VIEIRA was elected president in the country's first free elections. A military mutiny and resulting civil war in 1998 eventually led to VIEIRA's ouster in May 1999. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA after he was elected president in transparent polling. In September 2003, after only three years in office, YALA was ousted by the military in a bloodless coup, and businessman Henrique ROSA was sworn in as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was re-elected president pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. Malam Bacai SANHA was elected in an emergency election held in June 2009.<ref name="CIA_GW" />

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': West African CFA franc (ISO code: XOF)
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 4.75% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_GW" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': NA% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_GW" />
* '''Stock of money''' ([[Money supply#M1|M1]]): $171.2 million (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_GW" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $17.99 million (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_GW" />

===Notable events:===
* [[Banking crisis]]: 1995<ref name="Reinhart_crisis">Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8973.html "This Time is Different"], ''Princeton University Press'', ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 366. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-20.</ref>

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_GW">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/gw/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Guinea-Bissau: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
| 224
| 215
| 199
| 204
| 236
| 285
| 302
| 317
| 382
| 430
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_GW">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/gw/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Guinea-Bissau: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_GW">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/gw/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Guinea-Bissau: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_GW">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/gw/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Guinea-Bissau: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==References==
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:Guinea-Bissau|Guinea-Bissau]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.bceao.int/ Central bank] of Guinea-Bissau
* [http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/documents/EnterpriseSurveys/Reports/Guinea-Bissau-2006.pdf Country profile] (pdf) from the Enterprise Studies page (part of the The World Bank Group)
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1043287.stm country profile]
[[Category:Countries]]

Guinea-Bissau

2011-11-02T08:48:57Z

MMSequeira:

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox Country
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Bissau
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = [[Guinea]] 386 km, [[Senegal]] 338 km
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = republic
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 1,533,964 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_GW">CIA - The World Factbook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_pu.html "Guinea-Bissau"], from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 2.019% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_GW" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 47.9 years<ref name="CIA_GW" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = NA% est.)<ref name="CIA_GW" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Index of Economic Freedom|Index of Economic Freedom]]
|Row 8 info = 167<ref name="Heritage_GW">Heritage Foundation. [http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/Cameroon "Guinea-Bissau"], Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 9 info = 162<ref name="Transparency_GW">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Guinea-Bissau"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|Row 10 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 10 info = 181<ref name="Business_GW">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Guinea-Bissau"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
}}

Since independence from Portugal in 1974, '''Guinea-Bissau''' (Guiné Bissau) has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established authoritarian dictator Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. Despite setting a path to a market economy and multiparty system, VIEIRA's regime was characterized by the suppression of political opposition and the purging of political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In 1994 VIEIRA was elected president in the country's first free elections. A military mutiny and resulting civil war in 1998 eventually led to VIEIRA's ouster in May 1999. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA after he was elected president in transparent polling. In September 2003, after only three years in office, YALA was ousted by the military in a bloodless coup, and businessman Henrique ROSA was sworn in as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was re-elected president pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. Malam Bacai SANHA was elected in an emergency election held in June 2009.<ref name="CIA_GW" />

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': West African CFA franc (ISO code: XOF)
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 4.75% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_GW" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': NA% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_GW" />
* '''Stock of money''' ([[Money supply#M1|M1]]): $171.2 million (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_GW" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $17.99 million (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_GW" />

===Notable events:===
* [[Banking crisis]]: 1995<ref name="Reinhart_crisis">Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8973.html "This Time is Different"], ''Princeton University Press'', ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 366. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-20.</ref>

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_GW">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/gw/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Guinea-Bissau: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
| 224
| 215
| 199
| 204
| 236
| 285
| 302
| 317
| 382
| 430
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_GW">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/gw/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Guinea-Bissau: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_GW">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/gw/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Guinea-Bissau: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_GW">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/gw/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Guinea-Bissau: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==References==
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:Guinea-Bissau|Guinea-Bissau]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.bceao.int/ Central bank] of Guinea-Bissau
* [http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/documents/EnterpriseSurveys/Reports/Guinea-Bissau-2006.pdf Country profile] (pdf) from the Enterprise Studies page (part of the The World Bank Group)
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1043287.stm country profile]
[[Category:Countries]]

Sao Tome and Principe

2011-11-02T08:46:29Z

MMSequeira:

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox Country
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Sao Tome e Principe (São Tomé e Príncipe)
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = (N/A)
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = republic
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 212,679 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_ST">CIA - The World Factbook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_tp.html "Sao Tome and Principe"], from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 3.093% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_ST" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 68.32 years<ref name="CIA_ST" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = NA%<ref name="CIA_ST" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Index of Economic Freedom|Index of Economic Freedom]]
|Row 8 info = 149<ref name="Heritage_ST">Heritage Foundation. [http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/Greece "Sao Tome and Principe"], Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-21.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 9 info = 111<ref name="Transparency_ST">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Sao Tome and Principe"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|Row 10 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 10 info = 180<ref name="Business_ST">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Sao Tome and Principe"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-21.</ref>
}}

Sao Tome and Principe (São Tomé e Príncipe) was discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and two failed coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea promises to attract increased attention to the small island nation.<ref name="CIA_ST" />

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': Dobra (ISO code: STD)
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 16% (31 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_ST" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': 32.4% (31 December 2009 )<ref name="CIA_ST" />
* '''Stock of money''' ([[Money supply#M1|M1]]): $27.84 million (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_ST" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $36.95 million (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_ST" />

===Notable events:===
* [[Banking crisis]]: 1991<ref name="Reinhart_crisis">Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8973.html "This Time is Different"], ''Princeton University Press'', ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 381. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-21.</ref>

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_ST">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/st/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Sao Tome and Principe: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|
|
| 76.460
| 90.714
| 97.994
| 106.765
| 113.808
| 124.524
| 144.919
| 174.610
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_ST">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/st/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Sao Tome and Principe: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_ST">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/st/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Sao Tome and Principe: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_ST">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/st/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Sao Tome and Principe: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-04.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==References==
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:Sao Tome and Principe|Sao Tome and Principe]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.bcstp.st/ Central bank] of Sao Tome and Principe
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1064541.stm country profile]
[[Category:Countries]]

Austrian Economics Wiki:Meetups

2011-11-01T21:56:14Z

MMSequeira: /* Europe */

The [[Austrian School of Economics]] is becoming more and more popular all over the world. This page lists meetups (mostly informal but somewhat regular face-to-face meetings) to help anyone interested to find like-minded individuals for study and friendly exchange:
{{TOC right}}

''(Some pages may require membership to display all details.)''


==United States==
===Atlantic===
* [http://www.uncwlibertarians.com/ UNCW Libertarians], Wilmington, NC
* [http://www.meetup.com/TriLiberty/ Triangle Liberty (TriLiberty)], Raleigh, NC
* [http://www.meetup.com/nycancap/ New York Anarcho-Capitalists], New York, NY
* [http://www.meetup.com/NY-Free-State-Project/ NY - Free State Project], New York, NY
* [http://www.meetup.com/NY-Libertarians/ The New York Libertarian Party Meetup Group], New York, NY
* [http://www.meetup.com/The-Society-of-Libertarian-Entrepreneurs-NYC/ The Society of Libertarian Entrepreneurs (NYC)], New York, NY
* [http://www.meetup.com/AndersonAreaCampaignforLiberty/ Anderson Area Campaign for Liberty], Anderson, SC
* [http://www.meetup.com/libertarian-352/ Lowcountry Libertarians], Charleston, SC
* [http://www.meetup.com/Monthly-Macro/ Monthly Macro], Chantilly, VA
* [http://www.meetup.com/Freedom-Forum-And-Network/ Freedom Forum & Network], Philadelphia, PA

===North central===
* [http://www.facebook.com/home.php?sk=group_170364806325931 The Rockford Mises Circle], Rockford, IL
* [http://www.meetup.com/ECI912/ East Central Illinois 912], Danville, IL
* [http://www.meetup.com/thegreenanchor/ The Green Anchor - An Austrian Economics Meetup], Minneapolis, MN
* [http://www.meetup.com/stpaul4ronpaul2012/ St. Paul 4 Ron Paul], Saint Paul, MN
* [http://www.facebook.com/home.php?sk=group_135129876537369 The Saturday Night Austrian; a Twin Cities West Group], MN
* [http://wi.rlc.org/ The Republican Liberty Caucus of Wisconsin], Milwaukee, WI
* [http://www.meetup.com/SOLE-Wisconsin/ SOLE Wisconsin], Madison, WI
* [http://www.meetup.com/sole-arc/ Society of Libertarian Entrepreneurs (Arcadia • NH, VT, ME)], Portsmouth, NH

===South===
* [http://www.meetup.com/Orlando-Supply-Side-Forum/ Supply Side Forum Orlando Meetup], Orlando, FL
* [http://www.meetup.com/sglibertarians/ south georgia libertarians], Moultrie, GA
* [http://www.RothbardCircle.com/ The Rothbard Circle], Atlanta, GA
* [http://www.bravenewbookstore.com/ Brave New Books: Rothbard Reading Group], Austin, TX
* [http://www.meetup.com/The-Society-of-Libertarian-Entrepreneurs-Dallas/ The Society of Libertarian Entrepreneurs (Dallas)], Dallas, TX
* [https://www.facebook.com/pages/Asheville-Mises-Group/121864951222258?sk=wall Asheville Mises Group], Asheville, NC

===West===
* [http://www.meetup.com/Austrian-Economists-Objectivists/ Valley Austrian Economists & Objectivists], Phoenix, AZ
* [http://www.meetup.com/Libertarian-Entrepreneurs-in-Los-Angeles/ Libertarian Entrepreneurs in Los Angeles], Los Angeles, CA
* [http://www.meetup.com/Libertarian-Entrepreneurs-in-San-Jose/ The Society of Libertarian Entrepreneurs (San Jose)], San Jose, CA
* [http://www.meetup.com/Seattle-Anarcho-Capitalism/ Seattle Anarcho-Capitalism], Seattle, WA
* [http://www.meetup.com/The-Seattle-Austrian-Economics-Meetup-Group/ The Seattle Austrian Economics Meetup Group], Seattle, WA
* [http://www.meetup.com/Olympic-Peninsula-Ron-Paul-Meetup/ Olympic Peninsula Ron Paul Meetup], Port Townsend, WA
* [http://www.meetup.com/Society-of-Libertarian-Entrepreneurs-Ohio/ Society of Libertarian Entrepreneurs (Ohio)], Bolivar, OH
* [http://www.meetup.com/ClevelandLibertyRepublicans/ Ohio Liberty Republicans], Cleveland, OH

==Canada==
* [http://www.meetup.com/RedDeerLibertarian/ The Red Deer Libertarian Meetup Group], Red Deer, AB
* [http://www.meetup.com/victoria-libertarian-bookclub/ The Victoria Libertarian Book Club], Victoria, BC
* [http://www.meetup.com/CalgaryLibertarian/ The Calgary Libertarian Meetup Group], Calgary, AB
* [http://www.meetup.com/Austrian-Economics-Toronto/ Austrian Economics Canada], Toronto, ON
* [http://www.meetup.com/the-lloydminster-libertarian-meetup-group/ Lloydminster Libertarian Meetup Group], Lloydminster, AB

==Europe==
* [http://freiheitsfreunde.net/ Freiheitsfreunde], numerous cities in German-speaking countries
* [http://www.meetup.com/Muenchner-Libertarier/ Münchner Libertarier], Munich, Germany
* [http://www.meetup.com/Austrian-Economics-Meetup-Vienna/ Austrian Economics Meetup Vienna], Vienna, Austria
* [http://wertewirtschaft.org/philosophicum/ Institut für Wertewirtschaft Philosophicum], Vienna, Austria
* [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=171494662868840 London Mises Circle], London, United Kingdom
* [http://www.austriacy.pl Kluby Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], main site for of the ASE Clubs (KASE) with the Polish [http://mises.pl Mises Institute].
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/KASE-Gdansk/119776818085038 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Gdańsk, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/GliwickiKASE Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Gliwice, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Katowicki-Klub-Austriackiej-Szkoly-Ekonomii/120858324640940 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Katowice, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/KASE-Krakow/260094303088 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Kraków, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/KASE-Lodz/164700973542600?ref=sgm Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Łódź, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Klub-Austriackiej-Szkoly-Ekonomii-w-Poznaniu/154903994531625 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Poznań, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Warszawa-Poland/KASE-Warszawa/179383952827 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Warszawa, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/KASE-Wroclaw/123019747756535 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Wrocław, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=353500072319 Mises Circle Tallinn], Tallinn, Estonia
* [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=10837468262 Frjálshyggjufélagið, Libertarian Society of Iceland], Reykjavík, Iceland
* [http://www.freedomireland.com Freedom Ireland], Dublin and Galway, Ireland
* [http://encontros.mises.org.pt/ Instituto Ludwig von Mises Portugal], Porto, Portugal
* [http://encontros.causaliberal.net/ Causa Liberal - Portuguese Classic Liberalism Meetup Group], Lisbon, Portugal

==Asia==
* [http://www.meetup.com/Ludvig-Von-Mises-Fellowship-Dubai/ Ludvig Von Mises Fellowship Dubai], Dubai, U.A.E
* [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=276683682183 Filipino Libertarians & Austrian Economists/ Filipinos for Ron Paul, 3rd Year Anniversary Meet-Up], Manila, Philippines

==Australia==
* [http://www.meetup.com/Canberra-Stock-Trading-Meetup-Group/ Canberra Stock Trading Meetup Group], Canberra, Australia
* [http://www.la.org.au/ Liberty Australia], Most Capital Cities, Australia

==South America==
* [http://www.meetup.com/Instituto Mises Brasil], São Paulo, SP, Brazil (broken link?)
* [http://www.andeslibres.com/Instituto Andes Libres Peru], Cusco, Perú 

[[Category:Mises Wiki]]

Austrian Economics Wiki:Meetups

2011-11-01T21:18:34Z

MMSequeira: /* Europe */

The [[Austrian School of Economics]] is becoming more and more popular all over the world. This page lists meetups (mostly informal but somewhat regular face-to-face meetings) to help anyone interested to find like-minded individuals for study and friendly exchange:
{{TOC right}}

''(Some pages may require membership to display all details.)''


==United States==
===Atlantic===
* [http://www.uncwlibertarians.com/ UNCW Libertarians], Wilmington, NC
* [http://www.meetup.com/TriLiberty/ Triangle Liberty (TriLiberty)], Raleigh, NC
* [http://www.meetup.com/nycancap/ New York Anarcho-Capitalists], New York, NY
* [http://www.meetup.com/NY-Free-State-Project/ NY - Free State Project], New York, NY
* [http://www.meetup.com/NY-Libertarians/ The New York Libertarian Party Meetup Group], New York, NY
* [http://www.meetup.com/The-Society-of-Libertarian-Entrepreneurs-NYC/ The Society of Libertarian Entrepreneurs (NYC)], New York, NY
* [http://www.meetup.com/AndersonAreaCampaignforLiberty/ Anderson Area Campaign for Liberty], Anderson, SC
* [http://www.meetup.com/libertarian-352/ Lowcountry Libertarians], Charleston, SC
* [http://www.meetup.com/Monthly-Macro/ Monthly Macro], Chantilly, VA
* [http://www.meetup.com/Freedom-Forum-And-Network/ Freedom Forum & Network], Philadelphia, PA

===North central===
* [http://www.facebook.com/home.php?sk=group_170364806325931 The Rockford Mises Circle], Rockford, IL
* [http://www.meetup.com/ECI912/ East Central Illinois 912], Danville, IL
* [http://www.meetup.com/thegreenanchor/ The Green Anchor - An Austrian Economics Meetup], Minneapolis, MN
* [http://www.meetup.com/stpaul4ronpaul2012/ St. Paul 4 Ron Paul], Saint Paul, MN
* [http://www.facebook.com/home.php?sk=group_135129876537369 The Saturday Night Austrian; a Twin Cities West Group], MN
* [http://wi.rlc.org/ The Republican Liberty Caucus of Wisconsin], Milwaukee, WI
* [http://www.meetup.com/SOLE-Wisconsin/ SOLE Wisconsin], Madison, WI
* [http://www.meetup.com/sole-arc/ Society of Libertarian Entrepreneurs (Arcadia • NH, VT, ME)], Portsmouth, NH

===South===
* [http://www.meetup.com/Orlando-Supply-Side-Forum/ Supply Side Forum Orlando Meetup], Orlando, FL
* [http://www.meetup.com/sglibertarians/ south georgia libertarians], Moultrie, GA
* [http://www.RothbardCircle.com/ The Rothbard Circle], Atlanta, GA
* [http://www.bravenewbookstore.com/ Brave New Books: Rothbard Reading Group], Austin, TX
* [http://www.meetup.com/The-Society-of-Libertarian-Entrepreneurs-Dallas/ The Society of Libertarian Entrepreneurs (Dallas)], Dallas, TX
* [https://www.facebook.com/pages/Asheville-Mises-Group/121864951222258?sk=wall Asheville Mises Group], Asheville, NC

===West===
* [http://www.meetup.com/Austrian-Economists-Objectivists/ Valley Austrian Economists & Objectivists], Phoenix, AZ
* [http://www.meetup.com/Libertarian-Entrepreneurs-in-Los-Angeles/ Libertarian Entrepreneurs in Los Angeles], Los Angeles, CA
* [http://www.meetup.com/Libertarian-Entrepreneurs-in-San-Jose/ The Society of Libertarian Entrepreneurs (San Jose)], San Jose, CA
* [http://www.meetup.com/Seattle-Anarcho-Capitalism/ Seattle Anarcho-Capitalism], Seattle, WA
* [http://www.meetup.com/The-Seattle-Austrian-Economics-Meetup-Group/ The Seattle Austrian Economics Meetup Group], Seattle, WA
* [http://www.meetup.com/Olympic-Peninsula-Ron-Paul-Meetup/ Olympic Peninsula Ron Paul Meetup], Port Townsend, WA
* [http://www.meetup.com/Society-of-Libertarian-Entrepreneurs-Ohio/ Society of Libertarian Entrepreneurs (Ohio)], Bolivar, OH
* [http://www.meetup.com/ClevelandLibertyRepublicans/ Ohio Liberty Republicans], Cleveland, OH

==Canada==
* [http://www.meetup.com/RedDeerLibertarian/ The Red Deer Libertarian Meetup Group], Red Deer, AB
* [http://www.meetup.com/victoria-libertarian-bookclub/ The Victoria Libertarian Book Club], Victoria, BC
* [http://www.meetup.com/CalgaryLibertarian/ The Calgary Libertarian Meetup Group], Calgary, AB
* [http://www.meetup.com/Austrian-Economics-Toronto/ Austrian Economics Canada], Toronto, ON
* [http://www.meetup.com/the-lloydminster-libertarian-meetup-group/ Lloydminster Libertarian Meetup Group], Lloydminster, AB

==Europe==
* [http://freiheitsfreunde.net/ Freiheitsfreunde], numerous cities in German-speaking countries
* [http://www.meetup.com/Muenchner-Libertarier/ Münchner Libertarier], Munich, Germany
* [http://www.meetup.com/Austrian-Economics-Meetup-Vienna/ Austrian Economics Meetup Vienna], Vienna, Austria
* [http://wertewirtschaft.org/philosophicum/ Institut für Wertewirtschaft Philosophicum], Vienna, Austria
* [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=171494662868840 London Mises Circle], London, United Kingdom
* [http://www.austriacy.pl Kluby Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], main site for of the ASE Clubs (KASE) with the Polish [http://mises.pl Mises Institute].
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/KASE-Gdansk/119776818085038 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Gdańsk, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/GliwickiKASE Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Gliwice, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Katowicki-Klub-Austriackiej-Szkoly-Ekonomii/120858324640940 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Katowice, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/KASE-Krakow/260094303088 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Kraków, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/KASE-Lodz/164700973542600?ref=sgm Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Łódź, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Klub-Austriackiej-Szkoly-Ekonomii-w-Poznaniu/154903994531625 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Poznań, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Warszawa-Poland/KASE-Warszawa/179383952827 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Warszawa, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/KASE-Wroclaw/123019747756535 Klub Austriackiej Szkoły Ekonomii], Wrocław, Poland
* [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=353500072319 Mises Circle Tallinn], Tallinn, Estonia
* [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=10837468262 Frjálshyggjufélagið, Libertarian Society of Iceland], Reykjavík, Iceland
* [http://www.freedomireland.com Freedom Ireland], Dublin and Galway, Ireland
* [http://www.meetup.com/mises-portugal/ Instituto Ludwig von Mises Portugal], Porto, Portugal
* [http://encontros.causaliberal.net/ Causa Liberal - Portuguese Classic Liberalism Meetup Group], Lisbon, Portugal

==Asia==
* [http://www.meetup.com/Ludvig-Von-Mises-Fellowship-Dubai/ Ludvig Von Mises Fellowship Dubai], Dubai, U.A.E
* [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=276683682183 Filipino Libertarians & Austrian Economists/ Filipinos for Ron Paul, 3rd Year Anniversary Meet-Up], Manila, Philippines

==Australia==
* [http://www.meetup.com/Canberra-Stock-Trading-Meetup-Group/ Canberra Stock Trading Meetup Group], Canberra, Australia
* [http://www.la.org.au/ Liberty Australia], Most Capital Cities, Australia

==South America==
* [http://www.meetup.com/Instituto Mises Brasil], São Paulo, SP, Brazil (broken link?)
* [http://www.andeslibres.com/Instituto Andes Libres Peru], Cusco, Perú 

[[Category:Mises Wiki]]

Mises Institute

2011-07-03T00:20:13Z

MMSequeira:

{{Infobox institute
|name = Ludwig von Mises Institute
|image = [[Image:Misescrest.gif]]
|image_name =
|image_size =
|image_alt =
|caption =
|latin_name =
|motto = ''Tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito'' (Latin: '''Do not give in to evil but proceed ever more boldly against it''')
|founder = [[Lew Rockwell|Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr.]]
|established = 1982
|mission = Education in the economics of [[limited government]], [[sound money]], [[personal freedom]] and responsibility, and [[entrepreneurship]]
|focus = [[Austrian School|Economics]], [[Libertarianism]]
|president = [[Douglas French]] (since 2009)
|chairman = Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr.
|head_label =
|head =
|faculty = 16
|adjunct_faculty = 227
|staff = 21
|key_people = [[Jeffrey Tucker]], [[Thomas Woods]], [[Joseph Salerno]]
|budget =
|endowment = $17,862,528<ref>{{Cite web | title = Ludwig von Mises Institute (search) | publisher = [[Melissa data]] | date = | url = http://www.melissadata.com/lookups/np.asp?zip=ludwig+von+mises+institute&submit1=Submit | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2011-05-09}}</ref>
|debt =
|num_members =
|subsidiaries =
|owner =
|non-profit_slogan = "Advancing the scholarship of liberty in the tradition of the Austrian School"
|former_name =
|location =
|city = [[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn]]
|state = [[Alabama]]
|province = province
|country = [[United States|USA]]
|coor =
|address = 518 West Magnolia Avenue, Auburn, AL 36832-4501
|website = {{URL|Mises.org}}
|dissolved =
|footnotes =
}}
[[File:Mises Institute logo RGB 2D00.jpg|right|150px|Mises Institute logo]]
The '''Ludwig von Mises Institute''' is a research center, founded in 1982, that is dedicated to supporting the intellectual tradition, particularly in economic and political theory, represented by [[Ludwig von Mises]] (1881–1973).

==Mission==
{{See also|Mises global}}

The Institute, founded with the blessing of Mises's widow, Margit (1890-1993), who served as chairman, sponsors teaching programs and professional meetings, publishes journals and books, makes available audio and video, offers student assistance, and otherwise provides a wide range of services to uphold the Misesian tradition. The Institute does not consider itself a traditional think tank, as it does not seek to implement public policy. It has no formal affiliation with any political party (including the Libertarian Party), nor does it receive funding from any. The Institute also has a formal policy of not accepting contract work from corporations or other organizations, or accepting government funding.

Its declared mission is to back research and writing in defense of Austrian economics, the market economy, private property, sound money, and peaceful international relations, while opposing government [[intervention]] as economically and socially destructive.<ref name="Institute">FAQ. [http://www.mises.org/about/3467#what "What is the Mises Institute?"], ''[[Mises Institute]]'', referenced 2009-04-27.</ref> It is based in Auburn, Alabama.

There are also several other Institutes and websites with the same name throughout the world, including those in [http://www.vonmisesinstitute-europe.org Belgium], [http://www.lvmises.ca/ Canada], [http://www.mises.ch/ Switzerland], [http://www.mises.de/ Germany], [http://mises.jp/ Japan], [http://www.mises.se/ Sweden], [http://www.mises.pl/en/ Poland], [http://www.fundacionvonmises.org.ar/ Argentina], [http://www.mises.cz/ Czech Republic], [http://www.icumi.info/ Mexico], Russia, [http://www.mises.org.br/ Brazil], [http://www.mises.ec/ Ecuador], [http://misesromania.org/ Romania], [http://mises.org.pt/ Portugal] and [http://mises.fi/ Finland]. However, the Institute has no formal ties with any of them.

==History==
The founding of the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 1982, with the aid of Margit von Mises as well as Hayek and [[Henry Hazlitt|Hazlitt]], provided a range of new opportunities for both Rothbard and the Austrian School. Through a steady stream of academic conferences, instructional seminars, books, monographs, newsletters, studies, and even films, Rothbard and the Mises Institute carried the Austrian School forward into the post-socialist age.

The first issue of the Rothbard-edited ''Review of Austrian Economics''<ref name="Review">[http://mises.org/periodical.aspx?Id=5 "Review of Austrian Economics"], ''[[Mises Institute]]'', 1987-1997, referenced 2009-04-29.</ref> appeared in 1987, and became a quarterly in 1998, the ''[[Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics]]''.<ref name="Quarterly">[http://www.mises.org/periodical.aspx?Id=4 "The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics"], ''[[Mises Institute]]'', 1998-present, referenced 2009-04-29.</ref> The Mises Institute's instructional summer school has been held every year since 1984. For many of these years, Rothbard presented his research into the history of economic thought. This culminated in his two-volume An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, which broadens the history of the discipline to encompass centuries of writing.

Through the Mises Institute's student fellowships, study guides, bibliographies, and conferences, the Austrian School has permeated, at some level, virtually every department of economics and the social sciences in America, and in many foreign countries as well. The annual Austrian Scholars Conference at Auburn University attracts scholars from around the world to discuss, debate, and apply the entire Austrian tradition.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* {{URL|mises.org}}
* {{wplink}}

[[Category:Mises Institute]]