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	<title>The Austrian Economics Wiki - User contributions [en]</title>
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	<updated>2026-08-09T16:55:07Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9928</id>
		<title>User talk:Junker</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9928"/>
		<updated>2011-02-14T21:26:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: /* Ad Panics */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Ad Panics==&lt;br /&gt;
Hallo Junker, sorry I used Undo on your last edit of [[Panics]], but I&#039;m afraid it didn&#039;t really help the page. It was a long chunk of text with the contents(?) of the original and a somewhat esoteric quote; it seemed to offer a somewhat different categorization and/or explanation of panics, without context. I suggest to put resources like these (and &#039;Notes for dev of this sect&#039; :) ) on a Talk page, preferably with a link and why is it useful. Please also note, that [[Financial crisis]] is the master page for the crises and attempts to also list explanations and background information. &#039;Panics&#039; is more of a quick and dirty list. Thank you for understanding. [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 17:16, 2 February 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
: Thanks. Good work. Sorry I caused it.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Panics&amp;diff=12433</id>
		<title>Panics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Panics&amp;diff=12433"/>
		<updated>2011-02-02T22:32:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Panics&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1792]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1796–1797]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1819]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1825]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1837]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1847]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1857]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1866]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1873]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1884]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1890]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1893]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1896]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1907]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Financial crisis]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Business cycle]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Federal Reserve System]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[History of money and banking in the US]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Suffolk Bank]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Panic of 1819 (book)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or see [[Category:Financial crises]]&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes for dev of this sect&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;The Currency Problem and the Present Financial Situation:&lt;br /&gt;
Addresses at Columbia University 1907-1908&#039;&#039;  Essays  (1908)&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
Contents short&lt;br /&gt;
#  Introduction: The Crisis of 1907 in the Light of History&lt;br /&gt;
#  The Modern Bank&lt;br /&gt;
#  The Stock Exchange and the Money Market&lt;br /&gt;
#  Government Currency vs. Bank Currency&lt;br /&gt;
#  Gold Movements and Foreign Exchanges&lt;br /&gt;
#  The New York Clearing House&lt;br /&gt;
#  Clearing Houses and the Currency&lt;br /&gt;
#  American and European Banking Methods and Bank Legislation Compared&lt;br /&gt;
#  The Modern Corporation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Contents long&lt;br /&gt;
* 1. Introduction: The Crisis of 1907 in the Light of History&lt;br /&gt;
** by Edwin R.A. Seligman&lt;br /&gt;
** McVickar Professor of Political Economy, Columbia University&lt;br /&gt;
* 2. The Modern Bank&lt;br /&gt;
** by Frank A. Vanderlip&lt;br /&gt;
** Vice-President of the National City Bank&lt;br /&gt;
* 3. The Stock Exchange and the Money Market&lt;br /&gt;
** by Thomas F. Woodlock&lt;br /&gt;
** Former Editor of the Wall Street Journal&lt;br /&gt;
* 4. Government Currency vs. Bank Currency&lt;br /&gt;
** by A. Barton Hepburn&lt;br /&gt;
** President of the Chase National Bank&lt;br /&gt;
* 5. Gold Movements and Foreign Exchanges&lt;br /&gt;
** by Albert Strauss&lt;br /&gt;
** J.&amp;amp; W. Seligman &amp;amp; Co.&lt;br /&gt;
* 6. The New York Clearing House&lt;br /&gt;
** by William A. Nash&lt;br /&gt;
** President of the Corn Exchange Bank&lt;br /&gt;
* 7. Clearing Houses and the Currency&lt;br /&gt;
** by James G. Cannon&lt;br /&gt;
** Vice-President of Fourth National Bank&lt;br /&gt;
* 8. American and European Banking Methods and Bank Legislation Compared&lt;br /&gt;
** by Paul M. Warburg&lt;br /&gt;
** Kuhn, Loeb &amp;amp; Co.&lt;br /&gt;
* 9. The Modern Corporation&lt;br /&gt;
** by George W. Perkins&lt;br /&gt;
** J.P. Morgan &amp;amp; Co.&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;From another standpoint, however, a distinction may be drawn between financial crises proper and commercial or industrial crises in the larger sense. There may be a financial panic or crisis due primarily to temporary and sudden oscillations in the condition of the money market or in the price of securities. Such oscillations, sharp and sudden though they be, may have but little relation, whether of effect or of cause, to the general commercial and industrial interests. Of this character, for instance, were the original Black Friday in England, in 1745, and its namesake, the famous Black Friday in 1867 in New York, as well as many spasmodic fluctuations due either to political rumors like that which followed the Venezuelan Message of 1895, or to temporary speculative manipulations, like the Northern Pacific &amp;quot;squeeze&amp;quot; of 1901. Of a distinctly different nature are those wider disturbances which are traceable to more general economic causes and which, even though they culminate in acute financial trouble, are followed by an industrial and com- mercial depression of more or less magnitude. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Into which category is to be put the crisis of 1907; and if in the latter, what were its causes?&amp;quot;  &lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Black Friday(s)&lt;br /&gt;
* 1745 UK&lt;br /&gt;
* 1867 ny&lt;br /&gt;
* 1895 Veneuelan message&lt;br /&gt;
* 1901 Northern Pacific Squeeze&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Crises, Eng. since mid 18th&lt;br /&gt;
* 1763&lt;br /&gt;
* 1772&lt;br /&gt;
* 1783&lt;br /&gt;
* 1793&lt;br /&gt;
* 1810&lt;br /&gt;
* 1825&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
US&lt;br /&gt;
* 1817&lt;br /&gt;
* 1837&lt;br /&gt;
* 1857&lt;br /&gt;
* 1873&lt;br /&gt;
* 1884&lt;br /&gt;
* 1893&lt;br /&gt;
* 1907&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Int&#039;l&lt;br /&gt;
* 1837&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other&lt;br /&gt;
* south sea 1720&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9926</id>
		<title>User talk:Junker</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9926"/>
		<updated>2011-01-30T01:02:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: /* Cleaned up */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9925</id>
		<title>User talk:Junker</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9925"/>
		<updated>2011-01-25T01:05:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: /* Cleaning up */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Cleaned up==&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Albert_Jay_Nock&amp;diff=11233</id>
		<title>Albert Jay Nock</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Albert_Jay_Nock&amp;diff=11233"/>
		<updated>2011-01-25T01:02:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: /* External links */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Albert Jay Nock&#039;&#039;&#039; (October 13, 1870 – August 19, 1945) was an influential [[United States|American]] [[libertarianism|libertarian]] author, educational theorist, and social critic of the early and middle 20th century. [[Murray N. Rothbard|Murray Rothbard]] was deeply influenced by him, and so was the whole generation of free-market thinkers of the 1950s. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/articles.aspx?AuthorId=731 Mises Daily archive for Albert Jay Nock]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/store/Search.aspx?m=58 Mises Store books by Albert Jay Nock]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/media.aspx?action=author&amp;amp;Id=731 Mises Media page for Albert Jay Nock]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/literature.aspx?action=author&amp;amp;Id=731 Mises Literature archive for Albert Jay Nock]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/store/Nock-T-Shirt-Heather-Green-P312C43.aspx Nock T-Shirt Heather Green]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/daily/4689 &amp;quot;Albert Jay Nock and the Libertarian Tradition&amp;quot; by Jeff Riggenbach]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/daily/2717 &amp;quot;Albert Jay Nock: Forgotten Man of the Old Right&amp;quot; by Jeffrey A. Tucker]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/pdf/whois/nock.pdf &amp;quot;Who Is Albert Jay Nock?&amp;quot; (PDF) from the Mises Institute]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://delanion.com/main/ajn3602.htm &amp;quot;Progress Toward Collectivism&amp;quot;] - The State of the Union column in &#039;&#039;American Mercury&#039;&#039;, February 1936&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{stub}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Libertarians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Political theorists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Austrian_Economics_Wiki:Commons&amp;diff=10605</id>
		<title>Austrian Economics Wiki:Commons</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Austrian_Economics_Wiki:Commons&amp;diff=10605"/>
		<updated>2011-01-23T02:29:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: /* Logic category */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;messagebox&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%; padding:.5em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Welcome to &#039;&#039;&#039;The Mises Commons&#039;&#039;&#039;, the central discussion board where you can make announcements, propose new ideas, and ask questions of the entire community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To add a new item, add a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;==Level two header==&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; to introduce it.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For discussion related to long-term planning and development, also see the [https://groups.google.com/a/mises.com/group/wiki/topics Mises Wiki Google Group].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;br /&gt;
{{TOC right}}&lt;br /&gt;
==Style guide==&lt;br /&gt;
I would like to recommend that we use the &#039;&#039;Chicago Manual of Style&#039;&#039; as a basis for a [[MisesWiki:Manual of Style]] rather than the [[wikipedia:WP:MOS|Wikipedia Manual of Style]].  The WP:MOS makes a large number of stylistic concessions in order to appeal to international speakers of English, resulting in a MOS that incorporates a variety of styles.  Mises.org uses CMS as its style guide, and I think it makes sense to use it here as well, as most of our readers are Americans.  Two things affected are:&lt;br /&gt;
*Spelling (use American all the time)&lt;br /&gt;
*Punctuation in relation to quotation marks (commas and periods should always appear inside quotation marks)&lt;br /&gt;
I&#039;m sure there are others, but these are the ones that come to mind.  Thoughts? --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 16:09, 29 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Yes, keeping the readership in mind, that&#039;s probably a sensible idea. You&#039;ll have to be patient with me though, as I&#039;m used to writing under British conventions. [[User:Sovereign|Sovereign]] 12:08, 15 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mises Wiki|Commons]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==New project==&lt;br /&gt;
It seems we could use a new project for the organization of small things - checking links, wikification of text, creating stubs, etc. Also needs a way to easily vote on the next page of interest. Ideas? [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 18:05, 2 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Sounds reasonable.  I&#039;ll set it up with some ideas at [[MisesWiki:WikiProject Cleanup]]. We&#039;ll need to develop more cleanup categories. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 09:38, 3 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
::Looks nice already! Thanks. [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 15:03, 3 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Most wanted Stub==&lt;br /&gt;
Below, let&#039;s vote on the most desired stub, that is still missing and really, really should be created, with some good content for a start. Please edit this list: anyone can add more candidates to it, and vote for any number of them - but only once on each. Of course, anyone can create the stub(s) in question, too! Once created, the candidates will be removed from the list. [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 15:03, 3 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Free market]]: +2&lt;br /&gt;
* [[World War I]]: +0&lt;br /&gt;
* [[New Deal]]: +0&lt;br /&gt;
:For what it&#039;s worth, I&#039;ve put this section and the one following at [[MisesWiki:Most wanted]]. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 12:54, 6 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Most wanted update is better. --[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 13:29, 6 January 2011 (CST) The question is, why should I make a request to create a stub?--[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 08:11, 7 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::&amp;quot;Most wanted&amp;quot;, as the name hints, attempts to find the most desired pages to be created or updated, which will be done by whoever feels like it. No need to overspeculate things, Reserved, join the fray and create some content! :) [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 12:19, 8 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Most wanted update==&lt;br /&gt;
Which page badly deserves to be extended? Please edit this list: anyone can add more candidates to it, and vote for any number of them - but only once on each. Of course, anyone can update the page, too! Once sufficiently improved, the candidates will be removed from the list (but can be entered again for another round of updates). [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 15:03, 3 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[‎John Maynard Keynes]]: +0&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]: +0&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Charity]]: +2&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Karl Marx]]: +1&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Estate tax]]: +0&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It&#039;s maybe better to mark sections directly which have to be improved. --[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 08:27, 7 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:And yes, sections or pages, that need improvement, should be marked directly. This is for the &amp;quot;Most wanted&amp;quot; updates. [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 12:21, 8 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:: Ah, it is only an additional snap-reading method for the caretakers, okay. --[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 13:10, 8 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== &amp;quot;External links&amp;quot; --&amp;gt; &amp;quot;Links&amp;quot;? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Any thoughts on not using WP&#039;s convention of calling the links at the end &amp;quot;External links&amp;quot; but instead simply &amp;quot;Links&amp;quot;?  My thinking is that in many cases the links are pointing to mises.org pages (such as literature pages, blog posts, etc.) and thus are not strictly &amp;quot;external.&amp;quot;  Plus, the word is redundant anyway.  We could still use &amp;quot;See also&amp;quot; for referring to tangentially related wiki articles. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 10:43, 6 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:I am open to that upon first reflection.  I am assuming we would likely continue a &amp;quot;See also&amp;quot; section for other related Mises Wiki article links not mentioned already in the main text. -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 10:46, 6 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
::Right. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 10:49, 6 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Actually, that is a good idea! [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 11:23, 6 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Positioning links from Mises Wiki to Wikipedia ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I have been noticing links to Wikipedia main articles in various locations within the list of links to other resources, articles, etc.  Perhaps we might suggest that, if the link to the related main Wikipedia entry is included, we make it the final entry in the list.  I am thinking the reader is somewhat more likely to be getting a Classical-Liberal (and similar) point of view in the first links indicated, with the general readership-orientation of Wikipedia best fit for the reader&#039;s last choice.  If this is already the working style, then perhaps someone might confirm.  Thoughts?  -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 12:02, 9 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:That seems reasonable.  Same for other general resources, I suppose. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 12:09, 9 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Suggested order of closing sections ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Is there a working rule of thumb for the order of the closing sections?  I just added the &#039;&#039;&#039;See also&#039;&#039;&#039; section on the [[Great Depression#See also|Great Depression]] page, and it seems out of whack.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I am thinking the order should be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See also&lt;br /&gt;
* Links&lt;br /&gt;
* References&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Opinions? Input? And are there further sections we should take into account in this discussion? Thanks! -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 20:06, 9 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:WP standard is &amp;quot;See also&amp;quot; then &amp;quot;References&amp;quot; then &amp;quot;Links&amp;quot; (see [[wikipedia:WP:FOOTERS]]).  I like links to be last because they are least related to the content of the article.  References specifically relate to the article itself; links point the reader outside the wiki and thus (IMHO) belong at the end.  I&#039;m okay with putting &amp;quot;See also&amp;quot; below or above references; either way makes sense.  Other footer section types might be &amp;quot;Works&amp;quot; (i.e., on the page of a person – include a list of books he&#039;s written) and &amp;quot;Further reading&amp;quot; (like &amp;quot;Links&amp;quot; but to hard copy books for which links aren&#039;t available and which weren&#039;t used as references).  Regarding those, I say Works first, and Further reading second to last.  So:&lt;br /&gt;
:*Works&lt;br /&gt;
:*References&lt;br /&gt;
:*See also&lt;br /&gt;
:*Further reading&lt;br /&gt;
:*Links&lt;br /&gt;
:Or switch 2 and 3. Other ideas? --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 22:57, 9 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Article # 400 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Don&#039;t know if anyone noticed, but our 400th article is on none other than [[Taxation]] !!  -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 13:06, 12 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Yes, great work everyone! I wonder when we can get to 500. :) [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 17:59, 12 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
== Guide ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A guide of articles for newbies to basics of Economics or mises would be great.  I don&#039;t know where start and it would be great to have that sort of guide/suggestion to start reading some articles. &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;—&#039;&#039;unsigned comment by&#039;&#039; [[User:PLj9N|PLj9N]] ([[User talk:PLj9N|talk]]) {{#if:PLj9N|19:22, 12 December 2010}}.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- {{unsigned}}--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:An excellent idea!  As we build the wiki a &amp;quot;reader&#039;s guide&amp;quot; of some sort would be quite helpful for others as well, I imagine.  Thanks! --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 21:55, 12 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I second (third?) this. I would also suggest that there be two introductions: one for those completely new to economics (in a similar vein to Murphy&#039;s Lessons for the Young Economist), and one that introduces concepts in Austrian economics to those who are familiar with &amp;quot;mainstream&amp;quot; economics. -- [[User:Six|Six]] 23:59, 12 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Definitely agreed. The wiki itself is meant to be a backbone for educational efforts. One could start a project with a bunch of pages and steal text left and right, concentrating on simple writing. The underlying pages would supply links to more resources and would contain the more difficult and obscure details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Add another wanted on the heap: a category for reading lists. [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 09:00, 13 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Logic category ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With the key basis for Austrian economics being deductive logic, and a lacking of articles on deductive logic, I&#039;d like to suggest that logic in its general form should be part of the scope of this wiki, possibly cultivated within a &#039;Logic&#039; category. Naturally, we can make this relevant to economics through examples (rather than the traditional All Men are Mortal example). -- [[User:Six|Six]] 08:26, 13 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Logic is already part of the scope of this wiki, and it is only logical. :) [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 08:51, 13 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:I put in for the whole area of applied-logics, the a-priori&#039;s of old that have lived poorly under the positivists. It seems ASoE was one of the few, or the only, to survive and prosper. LvM wrote of prax as the whole of sociology, of which econ (catallactics) was just a sub-category. As well, several early folk were econ &amp;amp; somewhat-sociologists, e.g., Sumner, Oppenheimer, and Gumplowicz. Some work was done by Aus-phil [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Brentano Franz Brentano]. I seems ASoE shoulda picked up on all that long ago, but BB-Mises-Rothbard had enough to do keeping ASoE alive. Maybe HHH has worked on it. Just an idea. [[User:Junker|Junker]] 20:29, 22 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Repeat a link if already in references? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A minor issue perhaps, but if a link is already used as a reference, is there a working rule of thumb about whether or not to further include it as a separate and distinct link?  The question occurred when looking at this entry: [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]. (At this writing, the Attarian work is mentioned twice.) --[[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 21:08, 15 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Good catch.  In general I think there&#039;s no need to link in both places.  There may be a few exceptions to the rule; perhaps if the link is essential to the subject it might be permissible to put it in both.  For example, if we cite the mises.org pdf of &#039;&#039;Conceived in Liberty&#039;&#039; in the [[Conceived in Liberty]] article, we&#039;d still want to link the pdf in the external links section. But in this case references only is probably fine. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 12:05, 16 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating a new sub-category ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tried to create a subcategory of Writings by Author|Chodorov, Frank and I don&#039;t seem to be doing it correctly.  I supplied the new entry [[Out of Step (book)]] with the sub-category, thinking I&#039;d end up with a red link to create it, but it&#039;s not appearing the way I imagined it.  Perhaps someone can enlighten? Thanks in advance. --[[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 13:34, 18 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:You needed to create a new subcategory by adding the full category name to the Chodorov work: [[:Category:Writings by Frank Chodorov]].  What you did was simply add the book to [[:Category:Writings by Author]]—the &amp;quot;|Chodorov, Frank&amp;quot; didn&#039;t do anything because that is only used for sorting on the category page.  In general, my process for creating a new category is to add a nonexistent category to an article, resulting in a red link.  Then click the red link to access the about-to-be-created category page.  On that page, add the parent category and create.  See [[:Category:Writings by Frank Chodorov]] to see what I did there. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 10:54, 20 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
::Thanks!  Will explore more later.  :)  --[[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 11:19, 20 December 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Mark all copies ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please mark all copy text from Wikipedia or elsewhere with&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffe0;&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:yellow&amp;quot; | || --copy text--&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
or so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Code:&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{| style=&amp;quot;background-color:#ffffe0;&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;|-&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;| style=&amp;quot;background:yellow&amp;quot; | || text&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;|}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 10:25, 1 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:I&#039;m not sure that such visible notice is necessary.  Copies from Wikipedia need simply to be acknowledged.  But really only editors need to know which information was copied.  So it would be much better to use html comments (&amp;lt;! --  and -- &amp;gt;, without spaces, see the edit window for an example)&amp;lt;!-- like this --&amp;gt; to indicate this. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 19:02, 1 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Such ideals don&#039;t exist. Editors start in the state to be a reader. Everything that should be rewritten needs comments. The best place is the direct one. See also the edits of Karmaisking after my ones in [[Austrian School]]. --[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 04:41, 2 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Fair enough.  To make this easier, you can use a template I just created, [[Template:Rewrite]]. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 16:22, 3 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::::Fine --[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 03:58, 4 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== USA-centrism ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I am wondering if we might consider aiming for a more global perspective in our developing articles.  This has been occurring to me as I have been tinkering with [[Net neutrality]], a timely issue in the U.S. as of December 2010 but still with application elsewhere.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After all, at this writing we are billed as &amp;quot;A Global Repository&amp;quot;.  Further, in presenting praxeological truths that remain true regardless of location or era, a global approach--or at least acknowledgement--seems prudent and consistent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Of course, I also recognize I can simply take this approach on my own whether or not anyone else &amp;quot;approves,&amp;quot; and maybe it is mostly my eyes that have been slow to open, while perhaps most are already doing this. I thought I would at least put the idea out on the table for others&#039; consideration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Any of you non-USA folks care to chime in? Are readers of Mises Wiki as concentrated in the USA as we might think?  Please feel free, all.  -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 15:58, 2 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Do you have specific suggestions on how to aim for this goal? In general I&#039;d leave this to the discretion of the users, let them work on whatever they are interested in. A certain USA-centricity is probably unavoidable (speaking from Europe here). But if you want to make the thought more popular and maybe even coordinate the efforts, you could make an &amp;quot;International&amp;quot; WikiProject. There are even users thinking about writing in [http://wiki.mises.org/wiki/User_talk:Forgottenman#idioms different languages], so it could house them as well.&lt;br /&gt;
:Speaking of statistics, the page with the Meetups is the second most visited page, but the number of international visitors (or visitors in total) would be interesting to know... will try to find out more. [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 05:53, 4 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
::Pestergaines, thanks for your comments.  No, I don&#039;t have specific goals, and starting up a WikiProject seems like it would be more than I would like to handle just now.  We are still &amp;quot;just getting going,&amp;quot; after all.  Your thought of leaving it to users&#039; discretion makes the most sense to me in the here and now.  My main thought is, for myself, to keep the experiences of others in mind, rather than fall into the trap of my own geo-centrism, if you will.  Thx.  :)   --[[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 13:20, 8 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Well, it&#039;s still something to keep an eye out for in the long term. (And should it be necessary, the start of a [[MisesWiki:International|page]] is already there. :) ) Have a nice day! [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 13:43, 8 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== What constitutes a minor edit ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the [[Help:Wiki FAQ]]:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;...Generally, small formatting changes, adding a link, changing a category, or fixing one or two spelling or grammar mistakes are all considered minor edits. If that describes your edit, check the box. It helps other users keeping an eye on that page that you didn&#039;t make a drastic edit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Larger edits, like those involving actual content, or substantial reorganization of the article, are not minor edits. Don&#039;t check the &amp;quot;This is a minor edit&amp;quot; box when you save; otherwise people might think you&#039;re trying to mislead them. For this reason, if you think your edit might be controversial, no matter how big it is, don&#039;t call it a minor edit.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 11:25, 5 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Is this a question? --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 13:50, 7 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
::No.  The &amp;quot;minor edit&amp;quot; indicator has been used incorrectly of late, so I thought I would include this here for general review.  Sorry to confuse. -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 23:10, 7 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Argumentation==&lt;br /&gt;
I&#039;ve started a little experiment, an [[Argumentation:ABCT‎|argumentation chain]] for Austrian Business Cycle Theory in the making. Planning to expand it in the next few days, see if you can use for it. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The concept can be expanded for other arguments, of course. :) [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 16:54, 16 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;No, it can&#039;t!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
::&amp;quot;Yes, it can!&amp;quot; (heh) -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 17:17, 16 January 2011 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::See? That&#039;s what I&#039;m talking about. :D [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 17:22, 16 January 2011 (CST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Out_of_Step&amp;diff=11543</id>
		<title>Out of Step</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Out_of_Step&amp;diff=11543"/>
		<updated>2011-01-17T01:09:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: links to book added&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Italic title}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Out of Step: The Autobiography of an Individualist&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; (1962) was the last of [[Frank Chodorov]]&#039;s books published during his lifetime. It is a collection of essays, including [http://mises.org/daily/2498 &amp;quot;The Ethic of the Peddler Class,&amp;quot;] [http://mises.org/daily/2500 &amp;quot;Taxation Is Robbery,&amp;quot;] [http://mises.org/daily/3882 &amp;quot;St. Paul and the Communists,&amp;quot;] [http://mises.org/daily/4764 &amp;quot;If We Quit Voting,&amp;quot;] &amp;quot;Isolationism,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;I Watch Westerns.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Chodorov, Frank [http://mises.org/resources/3084/Out-of-Step Out of Step: The Autobiography of an Individualist]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Links===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/books/outofstep.pdf PDF Mises.org]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=NeGFrElEBGAC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;dq=inauthor:frank+inauthor:chodorov&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=TpIzTZT9LcH38AbA_8npCA&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=book-preview-link&amp;amp;resnum=5&amp;amp;ved=0CEAQuwUwBA PDF-access-page books.google.com]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://delanion.com/main/oos.htm HTML delanion.com]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writings by Frank Chodorov]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Panics&amp;diff=12432</id>
		<title>Panics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Panics&amp;diff=12432"/>
		<updated>2011-01-16T23:45:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Panics&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1792]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1796–1797]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1819]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1825]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1837]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1847]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1857]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1866]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1873]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1884]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1890]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1893]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1896]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1907]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Financial crisis]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Business cycle]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Federal Reserve System]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[History of money and banking in the US]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Suffolk Bank]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Panic of 1819 (book)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or see [[Category:Financial crises]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Panics&amp;diff=12431</id>
		<title>Panics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Panics&amp;diff=12431"/>
		<updated>2011-01-16T23:42:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Panics&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1792]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1796–1797]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1819]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1825]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1837]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1847]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1857]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1866]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1873]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1884]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1890]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1893]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1896]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1907]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Federal Reserve System]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Business cycle ]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[History of money and banking in the US]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Suffolk Bank]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Panic of 1819 (book)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Or see [[Category:Financial crises]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Panics&amp;diff=12430</id>
		<title>Panics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Panics&amp;diff=12430"/>
		<updated>2011-01-16T23:36:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Panics&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1792]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1796–1797]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1819]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1825]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1837]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1847]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1857]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1866]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1873]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1884]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1890]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1893]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1896]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panic of 1907]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Federal Reserve System]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Business cycle ]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[History of money and banking in the US]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Suffolk Bank]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Panic of 1819 (book)]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9924</id>
		<title>User talk:Junker</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9924"/>
		<updated>2010-11-29T16:24:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Cleaning up==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.  [[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]]&lt;br /&gt;
:re: [[Talk:Main Page/new]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you [[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]]&lt;br /&gt;
--J.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.  [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]]&lt;br /&gt;
:re:  Follow-up/Konkin/clean-up&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cleaning up-- exactly what I was doing. I left your user name for future ref.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you. --J.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/Cleaning up&amp;gt; by [[User:Junker|Junker]] 10:24, 29 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Fractional_reserve_banking&amp;diff=1983</id>
		<title>Fractional reserve banking</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Fractional_reserve_banking&amp;diff=1983"/>
		<updated>2010-11-26T22:36:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: /* The Case Against FRB */ fixed typo&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Fractional-reserve banking&#039;&#039;&#039; is a banking practice in which only a &#039;&#039;fraction&#039;&#039; of a [[bank]]&#039;s [[demand deposits]] are kept in reserve and available for immediate withdrawal (as cash and other highly [[liquid assets]]), whilst the remaining cash is lent out to borrowers (and so is never actually available for immediate withdrawal to legitimate deposit-holders).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;The Bank Credit Analysis Handbook: A Guide for Analysts, Bankers and Investors&#039;&#039; by Jonathan Golin. Publisher: John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons (August 10, 2001). ISBN 0471842176 ISBN 978-0471842170&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.bankintroductions.com/definition.html Bankintroductions.com - Economic Definitions]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fractionalreservebanking.asp Investopedia economic definitions]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.investorwords.com/5581/fractional_reserve_banking.html investorwords economic definitions]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The bank in effect lends out most or even all of the funds it receives in demand deposits, whilst &#039;&#039;at the same time&#039;&#039; guaranteeing that all deposits are available for immediate withdrawal upon demand. Fractional reserve banking is currently legal and practiced by all commercial banks. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The practice of fractional reserve banking expands [[credit]] and therefore also expands the [[money supply]] (demand deposits and cash) beyond what it would otherwise be in a stable money system. Due to the prevalence of fractional reserve banking, the [[M2 (economics)|broad money supply]] (deposits created via the issuance of loans plus cash) is a much larger multiple than the amount of &amp;quot;real&amp;quot; [[Monetary base|paper currency]] created by the country&#039;s [[central bank]]. That multiple (called the [[money multiplier]]) is determined by the [[reserve requirement]] or other [[financial ratio]] requirements imposed by financial regulators, and by the [[excess reserves]] kept by commercial banks. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In legal terms, instead of a deposit being considered a bailment contract with the bank being the custodian of the funds deposited, banks since the 19th century have been allowed to consider the deposit (available for immediate withdrawal) &amp;quot;their money&amp;quot;, and they are able to do with the money as they wish, provided they recognize the deposit as a general liability on their books of account.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;De_Soto_reserves&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jesús Huerta de Soto. [http://mises.org/books/desoto.pdf &amp;quot;Money, Bank Credit, and Economic Cycles&amp;quot;]. 1. The Legal Nature of the Monetary Irregular Deposit Contract, p. 1-36, referenced 2009-11-07.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The alternative to fractional reserve banking is &amp;quot;100% reserve banking&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;full reserve banking&amp;quot; where banks treat deposits in a similar way to allocated gold accounts, where the money cannot be lent out for extended periods of time as the money is &amp;quot;owned&amp;quot; by the depositor and held in trust on behalf of the client.  In this system, only those funds from depositors who volunatarily kept their money with the bank for an extended period (so called &amp;quot;time depositors&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;term depositors&amp;quot;) would be available for lending to third party borrowers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Case Against FRB==&lt;br /&gt;
{{See also|Criticism of fractional reserve banking}}&lt;br /&gt;
There are moral, ethical and pragmatic economic arguments against the practice of fractional reserve banking.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some ethicists and economists, such as [[Murray Rothbard]], [[Jörg Guido Hülsmann]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933550090/ref=pd_sim_b_1/182-7638869-5654620 The Ethics of Money Production]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and [[Jesus Huerta de Soto]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://mises.org/daily/3300 International Monetary Reform]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; consider the practice to be a form of recursive embezzlement and therefore a form of theft against legimate deposit-holders and a form of counterfeiting against the monetary and property interests of the general populace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The primary economic criticisms relate to its alleged destabilizing effects through the [[Austrian Business Cycle Theory]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By employing its excess reserves for the granting of credit, the bank transfers temporary ownership of of those monetary reserve to borrowers, while the depositors (supposedly entitled to instant redemption) are supposed to retain their rights to claim redemption &#039;&#039;over the same funds&#039;&#039; that no longer are in the custody of the bank. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is physically and practically impossible that a depositor and borrower are entitled to exclusive control over the same physical cash resources. Two individuals cannot be the exclusive owner of one and the same thing at the same time. Accordingly, any bank pretending otherwise - in assuming demand liabilities in excess of actual reserves - must be considered as acting fraudulently and should be considered to be engaged in a straightforward act of [[embezzlement]]. Its contractual obligations cannot never be properly fulfilled and it is technically trading whilst illiquid and therefore (arguably) trading whilst insolvent as it cannot pay all its debt as and when they fall due (the due date for payment of demand deposits is always now). From the outset, the bank must be regarded as inherently bankrupt - as revealed by the fact that no bank can ever withstand a sustained bank run.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Hoppe_FRB&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hans-Hermann Hoppe. [http://mises.org/journals/rae/pdf/RAE7_2_3.pdf &amp;quot;How is Fiat Money Possible? - or, The Devolution of Money and Credit&amp;quot;] (pdf), The Review of Austrian Economics Vol.7, No. 2 (1994). Referenced 2010-04-29.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to [[Rothbard]], fractional reserve banking should be considered to be embezzlement, but it is legal now. The bank is technically insolvent, because it cannot pay its debts as and when they fall due - the deposits being due instantaneously at any time. However, unless the customers (depositors) demand too much money at once – or too many loans fail – it can continue running, without the customers ever noticing that their money was gone. If the bank&#039;s customers lose confidence in the chances of the bank&#039;s repayment, they can decide, en masse, to cash the deposits in. This loss of confidence, if it spreads from a few to a large number of bank depositors is called a [[bank run]]. It is always fatal, because, by the very nature of FRB, the bank cannot honor all of its contracts.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rothbard_FRB&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Murray N. Rothbard. [http://mises.org/books/fed.pdf &amp;quot;The Case Against the Fed&amp;quot;] (pdf), referenced 2010-04-29.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Banking cartels===&lt;br /&gt;
If a lone bank engages in FRB, it can be ruined by a bank run, or people, who are not its customers, or other banks, demanding redemption of their receipts. A group of banks can agree to accept each other&#039;s receipts and not call for their redemption. This would limit the weaknesses of FRB, but in turn introduce the problems of [[cartel]]s. The banks would need to expand in proportion, otherwise some will enjoy greater profit, while the rest will pay for it. Regional and seasonal differences may also come into play. The difficulty of coordination rises with the number of banks in a cartel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, cooperation in a cartel is much easier if the members are forced to it by law. A [[Central bank]] can enable all the banks to expand together so that one set of banks doesn&#039;t lose reserves to another and is forced to contract sharply or go under. A central bank is the lender of the last resort, bailing out the banks if necessary – this also increases the trust of the public in the system.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rothbard_FRB&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Case For FRB==&lt;br /&gt;
However, not all hold to such a stringent view of legality. In particular, the [[Freebanking]] school asserts that the [[Principle of Adverse Clearing]], a market signal by which banks can settle upon an equilibrium interest rate with respect to consumer demand for banknotes (and analogous to [[David Hume]]&#039;s [[Price-specie flow mechanism]]), is sufficient to prevent a fractional reserve system from becoming inflationary or unstable.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Selgin_FRB&amp;quot;&amp;gt;George Selgin. [http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_14_04_01_selgin.pdf &amp;quot;Central Banks as Sources of Financial Instability&amp;quot;] (pdf), The Independent Review Vol.14, No. 4 (2010). Referenced 2010-11-19.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Bank runs under a fractional reserve system can also be prevented by contract features such as an [[option clause]]. Indeed, so long as the banks&#039; contracts make clear such activities beforehand, a legal or natural rights case against FRB cannot be made. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The amount of loans a single bank may make under a free, fractional reserve system is limited by the size of its clientele, by the confidence of the public in its solvency, and by the demand of the public for banknotes (as opposed to specie). An increase in any of these allows the bank to hold lower reserves. Conversely, smaller banks, riskier banks, and banks in a climate that demands specie (these factors may be interrelated) must hold a higher fraction in reserves in order to attract clientele. In this way, fractional reserve banking - far from theft or embezzlement - is a beneficial market signal and the result of voluntary human action that in itself poses little risk of systemic instability.{{Fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Legal aspects==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Roman law]] recognized that bankers were often tempted to use the deposits for themselves. To penalize these actions, they should be not only charged with theft, but to pay interest &amp;quot;so that, in fear of these penalties, men will cease to make evil, foolish and perverse use of deposits&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;De_Soto_reserves&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In early medieval Europe, the bankers preserved their deposits fully at first, but later began to use them for their own purposes, creating deposits and granting credits out of nowhere. Since the canonical law banned the charging of [[interest]] on loans, borrowers would instead pay &amp;quot;penalties&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;delays&amp;quot; in payment and in effect pay interest on a disguised loan, and justified any misappropriations on this basis. This practice was defended by some scholars, while others wanted to expose all hidden loans and equated all deposit contracts for loans. As a result, the distinction between them was obscured. Experts failed to clear up the resulting legal chaos until the end of the nineteenth century.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The authorities failed to enforce sound banking practices, and often granted banks a government license to operate with a fractional reserve, while taking advantage of easy loans to finance governments and public officials. Some rulers created government banks to reap the profits. But banks were still required to guarantee deposits.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;De_Soto_Medieval&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jesús Huerta de Soto. [http://mises.org/books/desoto.pdf &amp;quot;Money, Bank Credit, and Economic Cycles&amp;quot;]. 3. Bankers in the Late Middle Ages, p. 59-69, referenced 2009-11-05.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As late as twentieth century, court decisions in Europe have upheld the demand for a 100-percent reserve requirement. In 1927, the Court of Paris convicted a banker for the crime of misappropriation for having used the funds deposited with him by a client, confirmed in 1934. After the failure of the Bank of Barcelona the Spanish Supreme Court also pronounced, that &amp;quot;the depositary does not acquire the right to use the deposit for his own purposes&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;De_Soto_reserves&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fractional reserve banks never informed their depositors that some or all of their deposits would actually be loaned out and so could not possibly be ready for redemption at any time. (Even if the bank were to pay [[interest]] on deposit accounts, and hence it should have been clear that the bank must loan out deposits, this does not imply that any of the depositors actually understand this fact. Indeed, it is safe to say that few if any do, even among those who are not economic illiterates.) Nor did fractional reserve banks inform their borrowers that some or all of the credit granted to them had been created out of thin air and was subject to being recalled at any time.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Hoppe_FRB&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Legalization===&lt;br /&gt;
The landmark decisions came in Britain in the first half of the nineteenth century. In the first important case, Carr v. Carr, in 1811, the British judge, Sir William Grant, ruled that since the money paid into a bank deposit had been paid generally, and not earmarked in a sealed bag (i.e., as a &amp;quot;specific deposit&amp;quot;) that the transaction had become a loan rather than a bailment. Five years later, in the key follow-up case of Devaynes v. Noble, one of the counsel argued correctly that &amp;quot;a banker is rather a bailee of his customer&#039;s fund than his debtor,. . . because the money in . . . [his] hands is rather a deposit than a [[debt]], and may therefore be instantly demanded and taken up.&amp;quot; But the same Judge Grant again insisted that &amp;quot;money paid into a banker&#039;s becomes immediately a part of his general assets; and he is merely a debtor for the amount.&amp;quot; In the final culminating case, Foley v. Hill and Others, decided by the House of Lords in 1848, Lord Cottenham, repeating the reasoning of the previous cases:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;The money placed in the custody of a banker is, to all intents and purposes, the money of the banker, to do with as he pleases; he is guilty of no breach of trust in employing it; he is not answerable to the principal if he puts it into jeopardy, if he engages in a hazardous speculation; he is not bound to keep it or deal with it as the property of his principal; but he is, of course, answerable for the amount, because he has contracted.&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These decisions were taken over by the American courts and so was FRB legalized. However, an interesting development occurred in grain warehouse law, which has developed in precisely the opposite direction, despite the conditions of depositing [[Fungibility|fungible]] goods were exactly the same, and grain was a general deposit and not an earmarked bundle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the history of the U. S. grain market, grain elevators several times fell prey to this temptation, spurred by a lack of clarity in bailment law. Grain elevators issued fake warehouse receipts in grain during the 1860s, lent them to speculators in the Chicago wheat market, and caused dislocations in wheat prices and bankruptcies in the wheat market. Only a tightening of bailment law, ensuring that any issue of fake warehouse receipts is treated as fraudulent and illegal, finally put an end to this clearly immoral practice. Fractional-reserve grain warehousing, that is, the issuing of warehouse receipts for non-existent goods, was clearly seen as a fraud.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rothbard_FRB&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{See also|History of money and banking}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Securitization==&lt;br /&gt;
Known since 18th century, securitization as it is known today was created in 1970, when the Government National Mortgage Association ([[Government National Mortgage Association|Ginnie Mae]]) issued a mortgage-backed security ([[Mortgage-backed security|MBS]]) in the form of a pass through. Securitization has had an exponential growth since.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Economic actors can obtain rights to future payments of money - for instance, a car dealer that sells his cars on credit for five years in exchange of his cars. Such credits are relatively illiquid because their characteristics tend to be sector and client specific. Their owners may prefer to exchange them for an amount of money that is available now. Each of these claims can be passed to an economic actor that has the opposite preferences. Or, relatively similar claims, possibly coming from different owners, could be grouped together within a single holding entity that could then create standardized claims to be sold to investors on the financial markets. This process of putting together relatively illiquid assets and using them is called &#039;&#039;&#039;securitization&#039;&#039;&#039; - &amp;quot;... the process of pooling and repacking loans into securities that are then sold to investors.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Securitization allows FRBs to withdraw from the market the credit they have created and lent out. It reduces the money supply by the amount of liquid assets used to purchase the asset-backed securities. Therefore, it hides the increase in the money supply, i.e., [[inflation]]. It makes the economic environment appear less inflationary than it should be, given individuals&#039; growing indebtedness to banks. Securitization portrays a bank-credit driven boom as noninflationary, savings driven growth. Also, securitization insulates lending activity of banks from the central bank&#039;s monetary policy. It contributes to the widespread illusion that more factors of production are available than in reality, and so becomes a factor in the generation of the boom-bust cycle.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Gertchev_Securitization&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Nikolay Gertchev . [http://mises.org/daily/3820 &amp;quot;Securitization and Fractional-Reserve Banking&amp;quot;], Mises Daily,posted on Thursday, November 12, 2009, referenced 2009-11-14.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Fractional-reserve banking|Fractional-reserve banking]] on Wikipedia&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/journals/jls/18_3/18_3_3.pdf &amp;quot;Legal Tender Laws and Fractiona-Reserve Banking&amp;quot;](pdf) by Jörg Guido Hülsmann&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/journals/scholar/shostak2.pdf Fractional Reserve banking and boom-bust cycles] by Frank Shostak&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/daily/4499 The Fractional-Reserve Banking Question] by Robert P. Murphy, June 2010&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://mises.org/daily/4560 The Form of Saving Matters] by Robert P. Murphy, August 2010&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal tender]] laws were instrumental in promoting [[fractional reserve banking]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Hulsmann_FRB&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jörg Guido Hülsmann. [http://mises.org/journals/jls/18_3/18_3_3.pdf &amp;quot;Legal Tender Laws and Fractiona-Reserve Banking&amp;quot;] (pdf), referenced 2009-11-08.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Banking]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Money]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User:Junker&amp;diff=9915</id>
		<title>User:Junker</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User:Junker&amp;diff=9915"/>
		<updated>2010-11-23T16:42:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Same Junker as at [http://mises.org Mises.org].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Greetings to all.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9921</id>
		<title>User talk:Junker</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9921"/>
		<updated>2010-11-23T16:41:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: Replaced content with &amp;quot;==Konkin on Wikipedia==
&amp;quot;Samuel Edward Konkin III&amp;quot; at Wikipedia  is sufficient. I think.

--RayBirks 21:27, 20 November 2010 (CST)

==next==&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Konkin on Wikipedia==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Samuel Edward Konkin III&amp;quot; at Wikipedia  is sufficient. I think.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 21:27, 20 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==next==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Talk:Main_Page/new&amp;diff=5630</id>
		<title>Talk:Main Page/new</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Talk:Main_Page/new&amp;diff=5630"/>
		<updated>2010-11-23T00:49:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;For the current &amp;quot;sandbox&amp;quot; version of the Main Page, go to [[Main Page/new]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
This is just fantastic. --[[User:Jatucker|Jatucker]] 07:42, 9 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I do have doubts about &amp;quot;the austro-libertarian encyclopedia that anyone can edit.&amp;quot; Seems like inside baseball and also encyclopedia seems too narrow to me. I might suggest &amp;quot;the global repository of (classically) liberal thought that anyone can edit.&amp;quot; That probably needs improvement. --[[User:Jatucker|Jatucker]] 07:47, 9 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:I changed it to &amp;quot;classical-liberal thought.&amp;quot;  I think you&#039;re right; less lingo and more breadth. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 08:29, 9 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
::going to move this to front page, if that&#039;s ok --[[User:Jatucker|Jatucker]] 08:45, 9 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Sure is. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 08:53, 9 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
1st sub-title - of classical-liberal thought that anyone can edit&lt;br /&gt;
2nd st -         dedicated to the adv&#039;t of the Austrian School of Economics and related thought&lt;br /&gt;
and Mises.org says Mises and Rothbard tradition&lt;br /&gt;
and there seems no end to dupping Wikipedia&lt;br /&gt;
:add-in, like, I went &amp;amp; returned (recent chgs) saw &amp;quot;President of the United States&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
::if any if that matters. &#039;gards.  [[User:Junker|Junker]] 18:30, 22 November 2010 (CST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Talk:Main_Page/new&amp;diff=5629</id>
		<title>Talk:Main Page/new</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=Talk:Main_Page/new&amp;diff=5629"/>
		<updated>2010-11-23T00:30:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;For the current &amp;quot;sandbox&amp;quot; version of the Main Page, go to [[Main Page/new]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
This is just fantastic. --[[User:Jatucker|Jatucker]] 07:42, 9 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I do have doubts about &amp;quot;the austro-libertarian encyclopedia that anyone can edit.&amp;quot; Seems like inside baseball and also encyclopedia seems too narrow to me. I might suggest &amp;quot;the global repository of (classically) liberal thought that anyone can edit.&amp;quot; That probably needs improvement. --[[User:Jatucker|Jatucker]] 07:47, 9 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:I changed it to &amp;quot;classical-liberal thought.&amp;quot;  I think you&#039;re right; less lingo and more breadth. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 08:29, 9 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
::going to move this to front page, if that&#039;s ok --[[User:Jatucker|Jatucker]] 08:45, 9 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Sure is. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 08:53, 9 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
1st sub-title - of classical-liberal thought that anyone can edit&lt;br /&gt;
2nd st -         dedicated to the adv&#039;t of the Austrian School of Economics and related thought&lt;br /&gt;
and Mises.org says Mises and Rothbard tradition&lt;br /&gt;
and there seems no end to dupping Wikipedia&lt;br /&gt;
:if any if that matters. &#039;gards.  [[User:Junker|Junker]] 18:30, 22 November 2010 (CST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9918</id>
		<title>User talk:Junker</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9918"/>
		<updated>2010-11-21T20:14:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Konkin on Wikipedia==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Samuel Edward Konkin III&amp;quot; at wikip  is/was suffient. I think/thought.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Welcome, Junker!==&lt;br /&gt;
Hey, Junker!  Welcome to Mises Wiki.  Just joined today myself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here&#039;s an unsolicited idea about the link to LvMI on your user page (while I refresh my skills at the same time):  Not sure if you are new to the wiki editing phenom, but another option would be to use a wikilink to refer to the actual wiki entry for LvMI, as in [[Mises Institute]].  &amp;lt;&amp;lt; (Notice this is clickable)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The text you would type for that would be two square left-brackets &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; then the words Mises Institute and then two square right-brackets &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;.  Before saving it would look like&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[Mises Institute]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once saved and when the reader clicks to that page, they see the actual wiki entry for the Mises Institute and will also have the option of selecting the external link at the bottom of that same page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Of course, if you already know all this, then my apologies, thanks for the practice, and never mind. :)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome in any case! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 21:27, 20 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Howdy, Ray.==&lt;br /&gt;
Nice friendly posting. I Wiki, HTML, program various langs, &amp;amp;c.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Of course, if you already know all this, then my apologies&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Not needed...your advice was fine. I didn&#039;t know of the local &amp;quot;Mises Institute&amp;quot; linkage,&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I think I wanted &amp;amp; chose to link to Mises.org, but &amp;quot;Six of one....&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regards, [[User:Junker|Junker]] 14:14, 21 November 2010 (CST)&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9916</id>
		<title>User talk:Junker</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Junker&amp;diff=9916"/>
		<updated>2010-11-21T02:58:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: Created page with &amp;quot; &amp;quot;Samuel Edward Konkin III&amp;quot; at wikip  is/was suffient. I think/thought.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Samuel Edward Konkin III&amp;quot; at wikip  is/was suffient. I think/thought.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User:Junker&amp;diff=9914</id>
		<title>User:Junker</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User:Junker&amp;diff=9914"/>
		<updated>2010-11-21T02:54:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Same Junker as at [http://mises.org LvMI].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Greetings.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User:Junker&amp;diff=9913</id>
		<title>User:Junker</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.freecapitalists.org/index.php?title=User:Junker&amp;diff=9913"/>
		<updated>2010-11-21T02:53:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Junker: Created page with &amp;quot;Same Junker as at [Mises.org LvMI].  Greetings.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Same Junker as at [Mises.org LvMI].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Greetings.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Junker</name></author>
	</entry>
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