The Austrian Economics Wiki - User contributions [en]

United States Declaration of Independence

2011-03-25T20:18:38Z

Draukadin:

{{stub}}

The '''United States Declaration of Independence''', adopted July 4, 1776, was the document by which the American colonies, assembled in the [[Second Continental Congress]], declared their independence from [[Great Britain]].

The document, authored by [[Thomas Jefferson]], can be divided into six sections: Section I is the preamble which outlines freedom of association and the ability to end an association. Section II outlines the source of power for governments among men, that is, the consent of the governed. Section III is the long train of abuses and usurpations by the King of England. Section IV is the colonies' actions to seek redress for the grievances listed in Section III. Section V is the colonies' grievances against the English Parliament. Section VI is a declaration of secession from Great Britan.

==Text of the U.S. Declaration of Independence==
WHEN in the Course of human Events, it becomes necessary for one People to dissolve the Political Bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the Earth, the separate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent Respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that tehy should declare the causes which impel them to the Separation.

WE hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with cetrain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness-That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive to these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect thier Safety and Happiness. Prudence indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient Causes; and accordingly all Experience hasth shewn, that Mankind are more disposed to suffer, whil Evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the Forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long Train of Abuses and Usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a Design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their Right, it is thier Duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future Security. Such has been the patient Sufferance of these Colonies; adn such is now the Necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The History of the present King of Great-Britain is a History of repteated Injuries and Usupations, all having in direct Object the Establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid World.

He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public Good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing Importance, unless suspended in their Operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other Laws for the Accommodation of large Districts of People, unless those People would relinquish the Right of Representation in the Legislature, a Right inestimable to them, and formidable to Tyrants only. He has called togeather Legislative Bodies at Places unusual, uncomfortable, and distance from the Depoitory of their public Records, for the sole Purpose of fatiguing them into Compliance with his Measures. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly Firmness his Invasions on the Rights of the People. He has refused for a long Time, after such Dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for thier exercise; the State remaining in the mean time ex posed to all the Dangers of Invation from without and Convulsions within. He has endeavoured to prevent the Population of these States; for that Purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their Migrations hither, and rasing the Conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers. He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the Tenure of their Offices, and the Amount and Payment of their Salaries. He has erected a Multitude of new Offices, and sent hither Swarms of Officers to harrass our People, and eat out their Substance. He has kept among us, in Times of Peace Standing Armies, without the consent of our Legislatures. He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power. He has combined with others to subject us to a Jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unacknowledged by our Laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: For quartering large Bodies of Armed Troops among us: For protecting them, by mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: For cutting off our Trade with all Parts of the World: For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: Fore depriving us, in many Cases, of the Benefits of Trial by Jury: For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended Offences: For abolishing the gree System of English Laws in neighbouring Province, establishing therin an arbitrary Government, and enlarging its Boundaries, so as to render it at once an Example and fit Instrumetn for introducing the same absolute Rule into these Colonies: For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with Power to legislate for us in all Cases whatsoever: He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. He has plundered our Seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our Towns, and destroyed the Lives of our People. He is, at this Time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the Works of Death, Desolation, and Tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and Perfidy, scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous Ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized Nation. He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the Executioners of thier Friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. He has excited domestic Insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the Inhabitants of our Frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whoes known Rule of Warfare, is an undistinguished Destruction, of all Ages, Sexes and Conditions.

In every stage of these Oppressions we have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble Terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated Injury. A Prince, whose Character is thus makred by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the Ruller of a free People.

Nor have we been wanting in Attentions to our British Breathren. We have warned them from Time to Time of Attempts by their Legislature to extend unwarrantable Jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the Circumstance of our Emigration and Settlement here. We have applealed to their native Justice and Magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the Ties of our common Kindred to disavow these Usupations, which would inevitably inturrupt our Connections and Correspondence. They too have been deaf to the Voice of Justice and of Consanguinity. We must. therefor, acquiesce in the Necessity, which decounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rek of Mankind, Enimies in War. in Peace Friends.

We therefor, the Representatives of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the Rectitude of our Intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly Publish and Declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be, Free And Independent States; that they are absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political Connection between them and the State of Great-Britian, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm Reliance on the Protection of divine Providence, we mutally pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.
[[Category:History of the United States]]

United States Declaration of Independence

2011-03-25T19:35:41Z

Draukadin:

United States Declaration of Independence

2011-03-25T19:35:25Z

Draukadin:

User talk:Forgottenman

2011-03-25T19:27:04Z

Draukadin: /* Declaration of Independence */ new section

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<div style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;">'''This is my talk page'''. Click the "New section" tab ("+") above to start a new topic, or simply <span class="plainlinks">[http://wiki.mises.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=User_talk:Forgottenman&action=edit&section=new click here]</span>. <br />Sign your name with <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> when you're finished, and click "Save page." Thanks!</div>

== Extensions and interwiki links ==

A few questions:
# What Wikimedia extensions are installed here?
# What types of interwiki links are available for external wiki-linking? [[User:Mcornelius|Mcornelius]] 03:59, 12 November 2010 (CST)
:The extensions we have right now can be seen at [[Special:Version]]: we have categorytree, charinsert, parserfunctions, and cite. If we need more, however, we can ask our developers to install them.
:As far as interwiki links go, it looks like we can use the full names of Wikimedia wikis, but not shortcuts. So, [[wikipedia:Ludwig von Mises]] or [[wiktionary:praxeology]]. For Wikisource, we have to specify the language: [[wikisource:en:The Law]]. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 06:49, 12 November 2010 (CST)

==Rights==
Seems like your rights issue is solved --[[User:Jatucker|Jatucker]] 12:16, 12 November 2010 (CST)
:What do you mean? --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 12:24, 12 November 2010 (CST)
::I thought your permissions were somehow limited but I see that they are not --[[User:Jatucker|Jatucker]] 16:09, 12 November 2010 (CST)
:::No, you gave me "bureaucrat" status, which is pretty much the highest available without being a developer. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 18:57, 12 November 2010 (CST)

== Missing Templates ==

Impressive work on all the background mechanisms, Forgottenman! May I request a few more templates for citing resources, that seem to be necessary for the many articles and parts imported from Wikipedia (e.g. [[Austrian School|here]])? [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 08:25, 16 November 2010 (CST)
:I'll have a look; they would be useful. Hopefully though their existence doesn't encourage more copy / pastes from Wikipedia... we have the opportunity to create articles that have much more detail and a less restrictive license, but if we start with WP text, our article is a derivative work of WP forever. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 08:42, 16 November 2010 (CST)
::Well, we can always start from scratch if needed. :)
::Oh, and: big thanks for help with the BookSources! It's a small detail, but very useful when needed! [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 14:41, 16 November 2010 (CST)
:::I'm thinking that starting from scratch may be a good idea. I'm not convinced that converting everything into metadata is really that useful. I'll start by adapting Wikiqoute's model of cite journal and we can go from there. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 14:54, 16 November 2010 (CST)

[http://wiki.mises.org/wiki/Full_reserve_banking#cite_note-5 Full reserve banking] has also some template error, as in [[Criticism of fractional reserve banking|this]]; and a video template is required [[Peter Schiff|here]]. That is hopefully all!

On a different topic - do you think it would make sense to start organizing projects in this wiki, or is that premature? [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 06:15, 17 November 2010 (CST)
:I'll try to take a look at those templates later today. Are you talking about Wikiprojects? Setting them up is probably best done by someone interested in the subject and not for its own sake – so I wouldn't suggest creating a wide variety of projects, but if there's a particular subject or type of article that interests you, go for it. Active projects can be great ways for people to get involved; abandoned projects make the place look like a big empty building. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 09:40, 17 November 2010 (CST)
::I've created the [[MisesWiki:WikiProject Economic History]], although the name seems a little unwieldy. Before I start creating more pages, do you think the name and (category) is appropriate, or could we shorten WikiProject to Project? [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 05:51, 20 November 2010 (CST)
:::Sounds fine to me. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 09:32, 22 November 2010 (CST)

Would it be possible to get some CSS added to [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] to fix the formatting on [[Template:Header]]? I would do it myself but I don't have the required permissions. [[User:Anarchei|Anarchei]] 01:43, 29 November 2010 (CST)

==Innovation and original work.==
I've already logged in and made a very small edit to the mises wiki: pollution. I'm trained in sustainable development and pollution related problems and solutions. All I've done is add the word '''soil''' pollution to the list. Its often overlooked but it is useful because it illustrates the property rights, disclosure aspect, knowledge issues and the issue of people going to the hazard.

My question is not about pollution, its about charity and new tools like [http://www.thepoint.com/ The Point], hopefully you know of that because of Bob Murphy's challenge to Krugman.
Both need to be covered but in many cases the ideas of using charitable solutions are very new, particularly using the pledge based strategy in the Point, would they be considered original work?
Charity is critical because we often argue that charity can pick up some key externalities or public goods; particularly welfare. However charities are very restricted, often because they compete with government as a solution, [ Marx saw them as the major threat to socialism and Lenin wiped out church based charities in the first months ]. They have cash flow problems often because they are "not for profit" and this restricts their investment and banking options and because of donor fatigue and recipient privacy constraints. There's much stuff on this in the writings but its blurred a bit by Ayn Rand's opposition to religion and charity. [Yes I know she's not an Austrian school but most don't know that.] How do we deal with the newest solutions.
I've done some work in this field: [http://appliedimpossibilies.blogspot.com/2010/07/saving-world-by-burying-greens.html Saving the world by burying greens.]
The catch is that in a wiki sense this is classic ''"original work"'' but there are so few of us this could become a largish problem. What's plan A when your the only Austrian school player writing in a given field?
[[User:Wesleybruce|Wesleybruce]] 00:07, 17 November 2010 (CST)

:There are writings around on pretty much any topic, but sometimes one needs to pick and choose a little. A Stub for [[Charity]] was created with a few links that could be of use - perhaps that could help out? [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 05:39, 17 November 2010 (CST)
:Regarding "original work," I wouldn't worry about it too much. I doubt that we are going to be as hardheaded about that as Wikipedia is in articles on "new" subjects. The preferred approach might be to build articles based on current work, with references, and then branch off based on that. Thus, Hayek said xyz about charity (he didn't think it had much hope of solving the problem), but his paradigm didn't include new charity options. Or Walter Block and Murry Rothbard say xyz about pollution, but other areas that haven't been looked into are ___.
:You might also get in touch with Stephan Kinsella; he runs Libertarian Papers and if you put something together he might be inclined to have it reviewed and published, especially in a new area like this. That way we'd end up with a published, reliable article to cite. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 07:10, 17 November 2010 (CST)

==Mises Bust for Meritorious Editing==
{| style="border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};"
|rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:MisesBust.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''Mises Bust for Meritorious Editing'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For his numerous and highly clueful edits in the early days of the Mises Wiki, I hereby present this Mises Bust to Forgottenman. [[User:DickClarkMises|DickClarkMises]] 13:18, 19 November 2010 (CST)
|}
:That put a smile on my face. Just awesome; thanks. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 13:20, 19 November 2010 (CST)

== The 'Anniversaries' project ==

Hey, Forgot, a question: With all the unfinished anniversary pages, might you be able to create a little "Project Page" (like the "Economic History" project) that gives us a few guidelines about what to put where? I was wondering because the anniversary dates show up as top-ranked in the [[Special:WantedPages|Most wanted pages]] list and it might be helpful for us folks to know how to add things. Thanks in advance! -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 14:32, 27 November 2010 (CST)
:I've added instructions to [[MisesWiki:Anniversaries]]. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 16:04, 27 November 2010 (CST)
::Yes, noticed almost right away. Thanks! -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 18:16, 27 November 2010 (CST) Wondering now about:

==The concept of "Projects"==
Our only official "project" to date is the [[MisesWiki:WikiProject Economic History|Economic history project]]. Do these four pages qualify as "projects" worthy of the category "WikiProjects" ?

:* [[MisesWiki:Meetups|Meetups]]
:* [[MisesWiki:Anniversaries|Anniversaries]]
:* [[MisesWiki:Current events|Current events]]
:* [[MisesWiki:Community portal|Community portal]]

They all have "project page" as their first tab, yet I don't see any code inside the Economic History project page that makes it unique to be a special project. Seems these four may also be special cases needing focus, building, expansion, explanations, etc. Am not pushing hard for these necessarily. I am just looking to see if these deserve the designation. Thanks for your thoughts as time permits. Maybe we can discuss this in our soon-to-be-developed forum! :) If this is too much for your talk page, I could move to the Google mailing list, if you like. -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 18:16, 27 November 2010 (CST)
:On Wikipedia at least the Wikiprojects are primarily for content creation or specific maintenance tasks. My preference would be to continue in that tradition; the other pages you mention seem different from that. "Anniversaries" would be closest, I think, to being an actual Wikiproject, but the thing is that it really isn't a project that will need a lot of maintenance once it is set up (though that will take at least several months). I'd say put it on the Community portal to draw attention to it, but I wouldn't call it a wikiproject. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 19:55, 27 November 2010 (CST)
::'k. -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 21:03, 27 November 2010 (CST)

== Placement of stub tags ==

The stubs category page had suggested including the tag at either the beginning or the end of the article. As I see you moving them to the end of various pages, shall we change the instruction as well? Thanks for all your good works. -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 11:09, 29 November 2010 (CST)
:Thanks, I didn't realize it said that. If anyone disagrees with my edit comment in my edit to [[:Category:Article stubs|that page]], I'm happy to discuss it. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 11:19, 29 November 2010 (CST)

== idioms ==

Hello
Can i write in spanish my contributions, changes and wikis?

thanks. {{unsigned|09:15, 3 January 2011|Arenas}}
:Hola Arenas: Es posible que vaya a ser un Mises Wiki en español en el futuro, si hay interés. Pero en este momento hay solamente un Mises Wiki en inglés. Si quieres contribuir, sugiero que agregues contribuciones en español en las páginas de "Talk," y yo puedo traducirlas y añadir el texto al artículo. Por ejémplo, si quieres crear un artículo llamado [[Vicente Fox]], añadir tu contribución en [[Talk:Vicente Fox]] y avísame. Dime si tienes otras preguntas; ayudarte es un placer.
:Hi Arenas: It's possible that in the future there will be a Mises Wiki in Spanish, if there's enough interest. But for now there is only a Mises Wiki in English. If you would like to contribute, I suggest that you add Spanish text to Talk pages, and I can translate them and add the text to the article. For example, if you want to create an article called [[Vicente Fox]], add your text to [[Talk:Vicente Fox]] and let me know. If you have other questions let me know; I'm glad to help. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 09:40, 3 January 2011 (CST)

== Don't remove ==

See http://wiki.mises.org/wiki/MisesWiki:Commons#Most_wanted_Stub. --[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 12:26, 6 January 2011 (CST)
:Ah, if that's what you're referring to then let's create a page and link to it. Putting a red link on a page meant to guide new folks is counterintuitive. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 12:35, 6 January 2011 (CST)
:: Is only an open idea. When you think, it's practicable, then create it, please. --[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 12:38, 6 January 2011 (CST)
:::I rather doubt it's practicable, but others think so, so I've put it at [[MisesWiki:Most wanted]]. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 12:55, 6 January 2011 (CST)
:::: I don't know, too. But a test is no risk. --[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 13:21, 6 January 2011 (CST)

== Template ==

I see from above you are the goto guy for requesting templates :) Might I ask for the <nowiki>'''{{reflist|2}}'''</nowiki> one to be activated? It will allow for a far tidier article layout. Thanks [[User:Mark|Mark]] 14:00, 7 January 2011 (CST)
:I just worked on it a bit but it doesn't appear to be working yet; I'll need to do more research to figure it out. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 14:20, 7 January 2011 (CST)
::Thank you very much :) [[User:Mark|Mark]] 14:25, 7 January 2011 (CST)
Thank you for doing the reflist|2 template, I have another request, would it be possible to get the <nowiki>{{refbegin|2}} and {{refend))</nowiki> done also? <span style="font-size:smaller;">—''unsigned comment by'' [[User:Mark|Mark]] ([[User talk:Mark|talk]]) {{#if:Mark|11:42, 11 January 2011}}.</span>
:I've set up the framework, but I'm not familiar with these templates and so I don't know if they are working right now or not. I'll research them later and see what I can find, and write some documentation as well. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 11:08, 11 January 2011 (CST)
::Thanks. I have tried it out here [[Fighting Communist Organizations]] if you look t othe article`s end you will see that any section below the templates (In this case further reading) appears to get squished up? [[User:Mark|Mark]] 11:19, 11 January 2011 (CST)
::Thank you for setting up the template, there is one further issue with it however, '''</dl>''' is showing at the end of the references section? Any idea as to why? [[User:Mark|Mark]] 10:44, 28 January 2011 (CST)
:::Odd. Somehow on Wikipedia that dangling <code><nowiki></dl></nowiki></code> is hidden. Those five characters are only needed if {{tl|refbegin}} uses the "indent" parameter, so I've made them hide unless {{tl|refend}} also uses the indent parameter. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 11:14, 28 January 2011 (CST)
::::Excellent, thank you. [[User:Mark|Mark]] 13:41, 28 January 2011 (CST)

== About ==

Well edit, but you don't need to make a bow to one person. Tucker said it, I copied it.

The hope that this wiki can eventually come to replace major sections of mises org, is also from him. --[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 11:15, 11 January 2011 (CST)
:You are the one who introduced the language that the Mises Institute "rules" this wiki; my edit provided support for that claim. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 11:33, 11 January 2011 (CST)
:: My language is influenced by my troublesomeness to think in English as German. Mr. Tucker may edit this article himself to advance the site (without to quote himself). We are no footmen. --[[User:Reserved|Reserved]] 11:50, 11 January 2011 (CST)

== More on sub-categories ==

I have created a new sub-category of "History of the Soviet Union". When you have a moment, please take a look to see if it is set up properly. You can find it by way of [[Felix Dzerzhinsky]]. Thx. :) -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 19:54, 28 January 2011 (CST)

== Renaming a page via 'Move' ==

When offline I recalled the "move" concept. Found the short explanation in the [[Help:Wiki FAQ#Fixing wiki mistakes|'Help' FAQ]]. Have never 'moved' a page before, that I can recall. Would that have worked recently on the original misnaming of the ''History of the Soviet Union'' category as well? I am guessing all live links to the moving page are automatically changed as well, yes? TIA. -- [[User:RayBirks|RayBirks]] 13:54, 30 January 2011 (CST)
:Unfortunately no, categories can't be "moved" like articles can. To rename a category, we have to create a category with the new name, manually move all pages in the old category to the new category, and delete the old category. Right now we don't have many categories with a lot of articles in them, so this is an easy process. In the future, we can use a bot to make the change easier to complete. Regarding [[:Category:History of the Soviet Union]], you did it correctly: put {{tl|delete}} on the category with the wrong name, so that an admin would know to delete it. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 14:22, 30 January 2011 (CST)

== Mike Shedlock vanity? ==

[[Mike Shedlock]] Is an article about a person sourced entirely to that persons blog suitable for this wiki? It seems to be just a vanity piece to me. [[User:Mark|Mark]] 10:25, 2 February 2011 (CST)
:I think it's okay: the guy seems to be a fairly established writer (even writing occasionally for mises.org). So while yes it would be nice to get better sources, I'm not uncomfortable with letting it stay until then. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 06:45, 3 February 2011 (CST)
:Added some more links to make it a little more balanced (Murphy/Faber criticism of Mish). Some are Mises links, which look kind of weird under ''external'' links. Is there a special convention for Mises links? [[User:Daniel Hewitt|Daniel Hewitt]] 08:34, 3 February 2011 (CST)
::Our "convention" is to just call that section "Links" rather than "External links," and put mises.org links there as well. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 08:43, 3 February 2011 (CST)
:I think his blog is suitable for citing his political opinions, and I'm sure there will be other sources when the article grows. I'll keep this in mind if I ever extend the article. And, yes, he is pretty established; he has 40k+ readers according to Feedburner, has appeared on shows like Yahoo's Tech Ticker and his blog is listed as #2 at EconDirectory's [http://www.econdirectory.com list] of popular economics blogs/websites. BTW: mises.org links ARE external links (but I'll use the new convention from now) [[User:Ddnixx|Ddnixx]] 09:57, 3 February 2011 (CST)

== Blocking users and IPs ==

Hallo there, I blocked the accounts of two spammers and noticed this option among those available - "Automatically block the last IP address used by this user, and any subsequent IP addresses they try to edit from". Do you think it is reasonable to use it, given that IP addresses of users tend to change? [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 02:55, 8 February 2011 (CST)
:Yes, using that option is generally a good idea. The main benefit is that it prevents a user from logging out and being able to edit anonymously. It's not foolproof for dynamic IPs, but it helps. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 07:50, 8 February 2011 (CST)
::I worry, that with a dynamic IP could the ban hit somebody else. [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 08:29, 8 February 2011 (CST)
:::That is possible. I think it's highly unlikely since we don't have very many users right now, but it is a valid concern. Eventually we'll want to install more sophisticated anti-vandalism tools that will make it possible to check user IP addresses, which will help us be able to tell if a vandal is using a dynamic IP or not, or if a block is hitting people it wasn't intended to hit. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 09:58, 8 February 2011 (CST)

The spammers certainly seem to proliferate... is there any possibility to make it for them more difficult, say, introduce a (better) Captcha during registration? [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 02:40, 19 March 2011 (CDT)
:I don't think a more difficult captcha will do much, but there are ways to block open proxies. I'll research this soon and send an email out to the list. --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 08:54, 21 March 2011 (CDT)
::Well, I guess it must be true - if a website isn't noticed by spammers it's as if it wouldn't exist. :) [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 04:54, 24 March 2011 (CDT)

== Declaration of Independence ==

I followed the page doesn't exist link from the "This week in History" entry on the Declaration of Independence. Looks like that has been updated to reflect the existing page. Thanks. [[User:Draukadin|Draukadin]] 14:27, 25 March 2011 (CDT)

User:Draukadin

2011-03-25T19:23:45Z

Draukadin: Created page with "Hello I am Draukadin and this is my first time looking into making some contributions to a Wiki. This seemed like a good place to do it since my introduction to Austrian Economi..."

Hello I am Draukadin and this is my first time looking into making some contributions to a Wiki. This seemed like a good place to do it since my introduction to Austrian Economics. A co-worker showed my lewrockwell.com and followed that to mises. I try to read all the articles at both sites every day.

My primary interests in this sphere of study is money and the Constitution. To this end I've been a reader of Human Action by LvM, The Creature from Jekyll Island by Griffin, The Case Against the Fed by Rothbard, Secrets of the Federal Reserve by Mullins, End the Fed by Ron Paul and of course the Constitution and Declaration of Independence.

When I am not reading I am usally doing something on a computer particulary in Database Development and Programming.

User talk:Draukadin

2011-03-25T19:11:16Z

Draukadin: /* Welcome! */

==Welcome!==

Hello, Draukadin, and welcome to the [[MisesWiki:About|Mises Wiki]]! Thanks for signing up – we're glad to have you! If you need help [[Help:Getting started|getting started]], take a look at our [[Help:Contents|help pages]].

Community discussion takes place at the [[MisesWiki:Commons|MisesWiki Commons]], so feel free to post any questions you might have there or on my talk page. Please sign your messages on talk and discussion pages using four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); this will automatically insert your username and the date. Again, welcome! --[[User:Forgottenman|Forgottenman]] ([[User talk:Forgottenman|talk]]) 13:57, 25 March 2011 (CDT)

Thanks for the welcome. [[User:Draukadin|Draukadin]] 14:11, 25 March 2011 (CDT)

Talk:United States Declaration of Independence

2011-03-25T19:09:11Z

Draukadin: Created page with "Quick outline of this topic to get a page started. ~~~~"

Quick outline of this topic to get a page started. [[User:Draukadin|Draukadin]] 14:09, 25 March 2011 (CDT)

Declaration of Independence

2011-03-25T19:07:24Z

Draukadin: Created page with "The Declaration of Independence was authored by Thomas Jefferson and the unanimous Declaration of the thirteen colonies declaring the colonies independence from the King of Engla..."

The Declaration of Independence was authored by Thomas Jefferson and the unanimous Declaration of the thirteen colonies declaring the colonies independence from the King of England. The document can be divided into six sections. Section I is the preamble which outlines freedom of association and the ability to end an association. Section II outlines the source of power for governments among men: The consent of the governed. Section III is the long train of abuses and usurpations by the King of England. Section IV is the colonies actions to seek redress for the grievances listed in Section III. Section V is the colonies grievances against the English Parliament. Section VI is a declaration of succession from Great Britan.

Talk:United States dollar

2011-03-25T18:50:36Z

Draukadin:

A [http://www.zerohedge.com/article/china-moves-making-renminbi-reserve-currency resource] to milk for more on the Chinese Renmibni displacing the dollar. [[User:Pestergaines|Pestergaines]] 05:40, 10 March 2011 (CST)

Added some history on the origins of the dollar before the concept was corrupted by the Federal Reserve. I'll continue to add to this and update as I have time. [[User:Draukadin|Draukadin]] 14:47, 25 March 2011 (EST)

United States dollar

2011-03-25T18:45:08Z

Draukadin: /* Origins of the US Dollar */

The '''United States dollar''' ([[currency sign|sign]]: '''[[Dollar sign|$]]'''; [[ISO 4217|code]]: '''USD'''; also abbreviated '''US$''') is the official [[currency]] of the [[United States of America]]. It is divided into 100 [[cent (currency)|cents]].

The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in [[international trade|international transactions]] and is one of the world's [[reserve currency|reserve currencies]].<ref>The Federal Reserve. {{cite web|url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_4.pdf |title=The Implementation of Monetary Policy - The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere|format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-08-24}}</ref>

==The dollar as International Reserve Currency==
As one of the consequences of the [[Great Recession]], the status of the dollar as international [[reserve currency]] has been disputed.<ref name="Moore_abandon">Heidi N. Moore. [http://finance.fortune.cnn.com/2010/07/09/central-banks-start-to-abandon-the-u-s-dollar/?section=money_topstories&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2Fmoney_topstories+%28Top+Stories%29&utm_content=Google+Reader "Central banks start to abandon the U.S. dollar"], ''CNN Money'', July 9, 2010. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

In March, 2009, [[China]] and [[Russia]] called for a discussion on how to replace the dollar as the world's primary reserve currency.<ref name="Bryanski_backs">Gleb Bryanski. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/19/g20-russia-currency-idUSLJ93633020090319 "China backs talks on dollar as reserve -Russian source"], ''Reuters'', March 19, 2009. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref> In June, 2009, both countries started to promote the use of rubles and yuans in trade.<ref name="Pronina_Promote">Lyubov Pronina and Alex Nicholson. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aSTmuCr.RD88 "Russia, China to Promote Ruble, Yuan Use in Trade"], ''Bloomberg'', June 17, 2009. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

In February, 2011, the [[International Monetary Fund]] started discussions on a possible replacement for the dollar as the world's reserve currency and recommended its [[Special Drawing Rights]], or SDRs, could help stabilize the global financial system.<ref name="Rooney_IMF">Ben Rooney. [http://money.cnn.com/2011/02/10/markets/dollar/index.htm?hpt=T2 "IMF calls for dollar alternative"], ''CNN Money'', February 10, 2011. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

The [[Bank of India]] has stopped using the US dollars as intermediary currency between the rupee and the Chinese money.<ref name="Dasgupta_yuan">Saibal Dasgupta. [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/Bank-of-India-becomes-first-to-offer-trade-settlement-in-yuan/articleshow/7565143.cms "Bank of India becomes first to offer trade settlement in yuan"], ''The Times of India'', February 24, 2011. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

==Origins of the US Dollar==
The "dollar" began in sixteenth-century Bohemia as a one-ounce silver coin minted by the Count of Schlick, who lived in Joachimsthal. Because of this coin's goegraphic origins and minter, the coins were called Joachimsthalers, or Schlichtenthalers. This was shortened to "thalers" and when the coins made their way into Spain, the coins became known as "dollars".<ref name="Rothbard"> Murray N. Rothbard. [http://mises.org/resources/3430/The-Case-Against-the-Fed "The Case Against the Fed"], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 1994. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

The Spanish milled Dollar was a silver coin carrying the name Dollar and having a weight in silver of approximately 368 to 374 grains of fine silver. It was also known as [[“Pieces of Eight”]]. Divided into 8 parts or bits, two bits were a quarter, slang still used today. The Spanish milled Dollar, was the most common coin in circulation in the colonies prior to the American Revolution. In other words, the medium of exchange selected by the market, became the money unit or dollar of the United States. A silver coin of 368 to 374 grains of fine silver is what the word Dollar means as used in the Constitution. The definition of a dollar was not defined within the Constitution since it codifed the medium of exchange already in use. We have to go to various surrounding documents, reports, recommendations, etc. in order to find the definition a dollar.<ref name="Rozeff"> Michael S. Rozeff. [http://mises.org/resources/6041/The-US-Constitution-and-Money-Corruption-and-Decline "The US Constitution and Money: Corruption and Decline "], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 2010. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

Between the market and the [[Constitution of the United States]] a dollar has the following characteristics which define the properties of a U.S. Dollar prior to 1965:

(i) that money’s constitutional meaning is silver and gold and nothing else,

(ii) that the dollar is the money-unit of the United States,

(iii) that the dollar is defined by a silver weight of 371.25 grains of pure silver (as defined by The Coinage Act of 1792),

(iv) that the government will coin silver and gold money,

(v) that the Congress will regulate coin value,

(vi) that the only possible legal tender, if there is any, is silver and gold,

(vii) that the government may borrow money, and

(viii) that neither the federal nor the state governments may emit paper money (bills of credit).<ref name="Rozeff"> Michael S. Rozeff. [http://mises.org/resources/6041/The-US-Constitution-and-Money-Corruption-and-Decline "The US Constitution and Money: Corruption and Decline "], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 2010. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:United States dollar|United States dollar]] on Wikipedia

[[Category:Objects]]
{{Stub}}

United States dollar

2011-03-23T19:03:20Z

Draukadin: /* Origins of the US Dollar */

The '''United States dollar''' ([[currency sign|sign]]: '''[[Dollar sign|$]]'''; [[ISO 4217|code]]: '''USD'''; also abbreviated '''US$''') is the official [[currency]] of the [[United States of America]]. It is divided into 100 [[cent (currency)|cents]].

The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in [[international trade|international transactions]] and is one of the world's [[reserve currency|reserve currencies]].<ref>The Federal Reserve. {{cite web|url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_4.pdf |title=The Implementation of Monetary Policy - The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere|format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-08-24}}</ref>

==The dollar as International Reserve Currency==
As one of the consequences of the [[Great Recession]], the status of the dollar as international [[reserve currency]] has been disputed.<ref name="Moore_abandon">Heidi N. Moore. [http://finance.fortune.cnn.com/2010/07/09/central-banks-start-to-abandon-the-u-s-dollar/?section=money_topstories&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2Fmoney_topstories+%28Top+Stories%29&utm_content=Google+Reader "Central banks start to abandon the U.S. dollar"], ''CNN Money'', July 9, 2010. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

In March, 2009, [[China]] and [[Russia]] called for a discussion on how to replace the dollar as the world's primary reserve currency.<ref name="Bryanski_backs">Gleb Bryanski. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/19/g20-russia-currency-idUSLJ93633020090319 "China backs talks on dollar as reserve -Russian source"], ''Reuters'', March 19, 2009. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref> In June, 2009, both countries started to promote the use of rubles and yuans in trade.<ref name="Pronina_Promote">Lyubov Pronina and Alex Nicholson. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aSTmuCr.RD88 "Russia, China to Promote Ruble, Yuan Use in Trade"], ''Bloomberg'', June 17, 2009. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

In February, 2011, the [[International Monetary Fund]] started discussions on a possible replacement for the dollar as the world's reserve currency and recommended its [[Special Drawing Rights]], or SDRs, could help stabilize the global financial system.<ref name="Rooney_IMF">Ben Rooney. [http://money.cnn.com/2011/02/10/markets/dollar/index.htm?hpt=T2 "IMF calls for dollar alternative"], ''CNN Money'', February 10, 2011. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

The [[Bank of India]] has stopped using the US dollars as intermediary currency between the rupee and the Chinese money.<ref name="Dasgupta_yuan">Saibal Dasgupta. [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/Bank-of-India-becomes-first-to-offer-trade-settlement-in-yuan/articleshow/7565143.cms "Bank of India becomes first to offer trade settlement in yuan"], ''The Times of India'', February 24, 2011. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

==Origins of the US Dollar==
The "dollar" began in sixteenth-century Bohemia as a one-ounce silver coin minted by the Count of Schlick, who lived in Joachimsthal. Because of this coin's goegraphic origins and minter, the coins were called Joachimsthalers, or Schlichtenthalers. This was shortened to "thalers" and when the coins made their way into Spain, the coins became known as "dollars".<ref name="Rothbard"> Murray N. Rothbard. [http://mises.org/resources/3430/The-Case-Against-the-Fed "The Case Against the Fed"], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 1994. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

The Spanish milled Dollar was a silver coin carrying the name Dollar and having a weight in silver of approximately 368 to 374 grains of fine silver. It was also known as [[“Pieces of Eight”]]. Divided into 8 parts or bits, two bits were a quarter, slang still used today. The Spanish milled Dollar, was the most common coin in circulation in the colonies prior to the American Revolution. In other words, the medium of exchange selected by the market, became the money unit or dollar of the United States. A silver coin of 368 to 374 grains of fine silver is what the word Dollar means as used in the Constitution. The definition of a dollar was not defined within the Constitution since it codifed the medium of exchange already in use. We have to go to various surrounding documents, reports, recommendations, etc. in order to find the definition a dollar.<ref name="Rozeff"> Michael S. Rozeff. [http://mises.org/resources/6041/The-US-Constitution-and-Money-Corruption-and-Decline "The US Constitution and Money: Corruption and Decline "], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 2010. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

Between the market and the [[U.S. Constitution]] a dollar has the following characteristics which define the properties of a U.S. Dollar prior to 1965:

(i) that money’s constitutional meaning is silver and gold and nothing else,

(ii) that the dollar is the money-unit of the United States,

(iii) that the dollar is defined by a silver weight of 371.25 grains of pure silver (as defined by The Coinage Act of 1792),

(iv) that the government will coin silver and gold money,

(v) that the Congress will regulate coin value,

(vi) that the only possible legal tender, if there is any, is silver and gold,

(vii) that the government may borrow money, and

(viii) that neither the federal nor the state governments may emit paper money (bills of credit).<ref name="Rozeff"> Michael S. Rozeff. [http://mises.org/resources/6041/The-US-Constitution-and-Money-Corruption-and-Decline "The US Constitution and Money: Corruption and Decline "], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 2010. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:United States dollar|United States dollar]] on Wikipedia

[[Category:Objects]]
{{Stub}}

United States dollar

2011-03-23T19:01:37Z

Draukadin: /* Origins of the US Dollar */

The '''United States dollar''' ([[currency sign|sign]]: '''[[Dollar sign|$]]'''; [[ISO 4217|code]]: '''USD'''; also abbreviated '''US$''') is the official [[currency]] of the [[United States of America]]. It is divided into 100 [[cent (currency)|cents]].

The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in [[international trade|international transactions]] and is one of the world's [[reserve currency|reserve currencies]].<ref>The Federal Reserve. {{cite web|url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_4.pdf |title=The Implementation of Monetary Policy - The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere|format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-08-24}}</ref>

==The dollar as International Reserve Currency==
As one of the consequences of the [[Great Recession]], the status of the dollar as international [[reserve currency]] has been disputed.<ref name="Moore_abandon">Heidi N. Moore. [http://finance.fortune.cnn.com/2010/07/09/central-banks-start-to-abandon-the-u-s-dollar/?section=money_topstories&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2Fmoney_topstories+%28Top+Stories%29&utm_content=Google+Reader "Central banks start to abandon the U.S. dollar"], ''CNN Money'', July 9, 2010. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

In March, 2009, [[China]] and [[Russia]] called for a discussion on how to replace the dollar as the world's primary reserve currency.<ref name="Bryanski_backs">Gleb Bryanski. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/19/g20-russia-currency-idUSLJ93633020090319 "China backs talks on dollar as reserve -Russian source"], ''Reuters'', March 19, 2009. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref> In June, 2009, both countries started to promote the use of rubles and yuans in trade.<ref name="Pronina_Promote">Lyubov Pronina and Alex Nicholson. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aSTmuCr.RD88 "Russia, China to Promote Ruble, Yuan Use in Trade"], ''Bloomberg'', June 17, 2009. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

In February, 2011, the [[International Monetary Fund]] started discussions on a possible replacement for the dollar as the world's reserve currency and recommended its [[Special Drawing Rights]], or SDRs, could help stabilize the global financial system.<ref name="Rooney_IMF">Ben Rooney. [http://money.cnn.com/2011/02/10/markets/dollar/index.htm?hpt=T2 "IMF calls for dollar alternative"], ''CNN Money'', February 10, 2011. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

The [[Bank of India]] has stopped using the US dollars as intermediary currency between the rupee and the Chinese money.<ref name="Dasgupta_yuan">Saibal Dasgupta. [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/Bank-of-India-becomes-first-to-offer-trade-settlement-in-yuan/articleshow/7565143.cms "Bank of India becomes first to offer trade settlement in yuan"], ''The Times of India'', February 24, 2011. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

==Origins of the US Dollar==
The "dollar" began in sixteenth-century Bohemia as a one-ounce silver coin minted by the Count of Schlick, who lived in Joachimsthal. Because of this coin's goegraphic origins and minter, the coins were called Joachimsthalers, or Schlichtenthalers. This was shortened to "thalers" and when the coins made their way into Spain, the coins became known as "dollars".<ref name="Rothbard"> Murray N. Rothbard. [http://mises.org/resources/3430/The-Case-Against-the-Fed "The Case Against the Fed"], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 1994. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

The Spanish milled Dollar was a silver coin carrying the name Dollar and having a weight in silver of approximately 368 to 374 grains of fine silver. It was also known as [[“Pieces of Eight”]]. Divided into 8 parts or bits, two bits were a quarter, slang still used today. The Spanish milled Dollar, was the most common coin in circulation in the colonies prior to the American Revolution. In other words, the medium of exchange selected by the market, became the money unit or dollar of the United States. A silver coin of 368 to 374 grains of fine silver is what the word Dollar means as used in the Constitution. The definition of a dollar was not defined within the Constitution since it codifed the medium of exchange already in use. We have to go to various surrounding documents, reports, recommendations, etc. in order to find the definition a dollar.<ref name="Rozeff"> Michael S. Rozeff. [http://mises.org/resources/6041/The-US-Constitution-and-Money-Corruption-and-Decline "The US Constitution and Money: Corruption and Decline "], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 2010. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

Between the market and the U.S. Constitution a dollar has the following characteristics which define the properties of a U.S. Dollar prior to 1965:

(i) that money’s constitutional meaning is silver and gold and nothing else,

(ii) that the dollar is the money-unit of the United States,

(iii) that the dollar is defined by a silver weight of 371.25 grains of pure silver (as defined by The Coinage Act of 1792),

(iv) that the government will coin silver and gold money,

(v) that the Congress will regulate coin value,

(vi) that the only possible legal tender, if there is any, is silver and gold,

(vii) that the government may borrow money, and

(viii) that neither the federal nor the state governments may emit paper money (bills of credit).<ref name="Rozeff"> Michael S. Rozeff. [http://mises.org/resources/6041/The-US-Constitution-and-Money-Corruption-and-Decline "The US Constitution and Money: Corruption and Decline "], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 2010. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:United States dollar|United States dollar]] on Wikipedia

[[Category:Objects]]
{{Stub}}

United States dollar

2011-03-22T18:07:56Z

Draukadin:

The '''United States dollar''' ([[currency sign|sign]]: '''[[Dollar sign|$]]'''; [[ISO 4217|code]]: '''USD'''; also abbreviated '''US$''') is the official [[currency]] of the [[United States of America]]. It is divided into 100 [[cent (currency)|cents]].

The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in [[international trade|international transactions]] and is one of the world's [[reserve currency|reserve currencies]].<ref>The Federal Reserve. {{cite web|url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_4.pdf |title=The Implementation of Monetary Policy - The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere|format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-08-24}}</ref>

==The dollar as International Reserve Currency==
As one of the consequences of the [[Great Recession]], the status of the dollar as international [[reserve currency]] has been disputed.<ref name="Moore_abandon">Heidi N. Moore. [http://finance.fortune.cnn.com/2010/07/09/central-banks-start-to-abandon-the-u-s-dollar/?section=money_topstories&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2Fmoney_topstories+%28Top+Stories%29&utm_content=Google+Reader "Central banks start to abandon the U.S. dollar"], ''CNN Money'', July 9, 2010. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

In March, 2009, [[China]] and [[Russia]] called for a discussion on how to replace the dollar as the world's primary reserve currency.<ref name="Bryanski_backs">Gleb Bryanski. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/19/g20-russia-currency-idUSLJ93633020090319 "China backs talks on dollar as reserve -Russian source"], ''Reuters'', March 19, 2009. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref> In June, 2009, both countries started to promote the use of rubles and yuans in trade.<ref name="Pronina_Promote">Lyubov Pronina and Alex Nicholson. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aSTmuCr.RD88 "Russia, China to Promote Ruble, Yuan Use in Trade"], ''Bloomberg'', June 17, 2009. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

In February, 2011, the [[International Monetary Fund]] started discussions on a possible replacement for the dollar as the world's reserve currency and recommended its [[Special Drawing Rights]], or SDRs, could help stabilize the global financial system.<ref name="Rooney_IMF">Ben Rooney. [http://money.cnn.com/2011/02/10/markets/dollar/index.htm?hpt=T2 "IMF calls for dollar alternative"], ''CNN Money'', February 10, 2011. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

The [[Bank of India]] has stopped using the US dollars as intermediary currency between the rupee and the Chinese money.<ref name="Dasgupta_yuan">Saibal Dasgupta. [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/Bank-of-India-becomes-first-to-offer-trade-settlement-in-yuan/articleshow/7565143.cms "Bank of India becomes first to offer trade settlement in yuan"], ''The Times of India'', February 24, 2011. Referenced 2011-02-28.</ref>

==Origins of the US Dollar==
The "dollar" began in sixteenth-century Bohemia as a one-ounce silver coin minted by the Count of Schlick, who lived in Joachimsthal. Because of this coin's goegraphic origins and minter, the coins were called Joachimsthalers, or Schlichtenthalers. This was shortened to "thalers" and when the coins made their way into Spain, the coins became known as "dollars".<ref name="Rothbard"> Murray N. Rothbard. [http://mises.org/resources/3430/The-Case-Against-the-Fed "The Case Against the Fed"], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 1994. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

The Spanish milled Dollar was a silver coin carrying the name Dollar and having a weight in silver of approximately 368 to 374 grains of fine silver. It was also known as “Pieces of Eight”. Divided into 8 parts or bits, two bits were a quarter, slang still used today. The Spanish milled Dollar, was the most common coin in circulation in the colonies prior to the American Revolution. In other words, the medium of exchange selected by the market, became the money unit or dollar of the United States. A silver coin of 368 to 374 grains of fine silver is what the word Dollar means as used in the Constitution. The definition of a dollar was not defined within the Constitution since it codifed the medium of exchange already in use. We have to go to various surrounding documents, reports, recommendations, etc. in order to find the definition a dollar.<ref name="Rozeff"> Michael S. Rozeff. [http://mises.org/resources/6041/The-US-Constitution-and-Money-Corruption-and-Decline "The US Constitution and Money: Corruption and Decline "], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 2010. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

Between the market and the U.S. Constitution a dollar has the following characteristics which define the properties of a U.S. Dollar prior to 1965:

(i) that money’s constitutional meaning is silver and gold and nothing else,

(ii) that the dollar is the money-unit of the United States,

(iii) that the dollar is defined by a silver weight of 371.25 grains of pure silver (as defined by The Coinage Act of 1792),

(iv) that the government will coin silver and gold money,

(v) that the Congress will regulate coin value,

(vi) that the only possible legal tender, if there is any, is silver and gold,

(vii) that the government may borrow money, and

(viii) that neither the federal nor the state governments may emit paper money (bills of credit).<ref name="Rozeff"> Michael S. Rozeff. [http://mises.org/resources/6041/The-US-Constitution-and-Money-Corruption-and-Decline "The US Constitution and Money: Corruption and Decline "], ''The Ludwig Von Mises Institute'', 2010. Referenced 2011-03-22.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:United States dollar|United States dollar]] on Wikipedia

[[Category:Objects]]
{{Stub}}