The Austrian Economics Wiki - User contributions [en]

Cote d'Ivoire

2010-10-06T22:12:49Z

88.65.199.211: /* External links */ Resource added.

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Yamoussoukro
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = [[Burkina Faso]] 584 km, [[Ghana]] 668 km, [[Guinea]] 610 km, [[Liberia]] 716 km, [[Mali]] 532 km
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 20,617,068<ref name="CIA_CI">CIA - The World Facebook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_iv.html "Cote d'Ivoire"], from The World Facebook. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 2.133% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_CI" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 55.45 years<ref name="CIA_CI" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = NA<ref name="CIA_CI" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Index of Economic Freedom|Index of Economic Freedom]]
|Row 8 info = 123<ref name="Heritage_CI">Heritage Foundation. [http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/CoteDiviore "Cote d'Ivoire"], Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 9 info = 154<ref name="Transparency_CI">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Cote d'Ivoire"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|Row 10 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 10 info = 168<ref name="Business_CI">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Cote d'Ivoire"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
}}

Close ties to France since independence in 1960, the development of cocoa production for export, and foreign investment made '''Cote d'Ivoire''' (or "Ivory Coast") one of the most prosperous of the West African states, but did not protect it from political turmoil. In December 1999, a military coup - the first ever in Cote d'Ivoire's history - overthrew the government. Junta leader Robert GUEI blatantly rigged elections held in late 2000 and declared himself the winner. Popular protest forced him to step aside and brought Laurent GBAGBO into power. Ivorian dissidents and disaffected members of the military launched a failed coup attempt in September 2002. Rebel forces claimed the northern half of the country, and in January 2003 were granted ministerial positions in a unity government under the auspices of the Linas-Marcoussis Peace Accord. President GBAGBO and rebel forces resumed implementation of the peace accord in December 2003 after a three-month stalemate, but issues that sparked the civil war, such as land reform and grounds for citizenship, remained unresolved. In March 2007 President GBAGBO and former New Force rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed the Ouagadougou Political Agreement. As a result of the agreement, SORO joined GBAGBO's government as Prime Minister and the two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the zone of confidence separating North from South, integrate rebel forces into the national armed forces, and hold elections. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of rebel forces have been problematic as rebels seek to enter the armed forces. Citizen identification and voter registration pose election difficulties, and balloting planned for November 2009 was postponed with no future date set. Several thousand UN troops and several hundred French remain in Cote d'Ivoire to help the parties implement their commitments and to support the peace process.<ref name="CIA_CI" />

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': West African CFA franc (ISO code: XOF)
* This country does not seem to have a central bank.
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 4.75% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CI" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': NA%<ref name="CIA_CI" />
* '''Stock of money''' ([[Money supply#M1|M1]]): $4.242 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CI" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $2.117 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_CI" />

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_CI">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/ci/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Cote d'Ivoire: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
| 12 556
| 10 417
| 10 545
| 11 487
| 13 737
| 15 481
| 16 363
| 17 367
| 19 796
| 23 414
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_CI">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/ci/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Cote d'Ivoire: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|
|
|
|
| 93.726
| 96.369
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_CI">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/ci/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Cote d'Ivoire: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|
|
|
|
| 16.933
| 17.590
| 12.051
| 17.625
| 19.157
| 18.853
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_CI">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/ci/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Cote d'Ivoire: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-10-01.</ref>
|
|
|
|
| 17.364
| 17.022
| 16.888
| 16.228
| 17.565
| 17.926
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
|
|
|
|
| 5.535
| 5.479
|
|
|
|
|}

==References==
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [[Wikipedia:Cote d'Ivoire|Cote d'Ivoire]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/documents/EnterpriseSurveys/Reports/Côte_dIvoire-2009.pdf Country profile] (pdf) from the Enterprise Studies page (part of the The World Bank Group)
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1043014.stm country profile]
* [http://www.bceao.int/ Central bank] of Cote d'Ivoire
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8446994.stm Ivorian tax-free rebel city flourishes] by John James, January 2010
[[Category:Countries]]

Iraq

2010-10-06T22:08:11Z

88.65.199.211: /* External links */ Resources added.

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Baghdad
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = [[Iran]] 1,458 km, [[Jordan]] 181 km, [[Kuwait]] 240 km, [[Saudi Arabia]] 814 km, Syria 605 km, [[Turkey]] 352 km
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = parliamentary democracy
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 28,945,569 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_IQ">CIA - The World Facebook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_iz.html "Iraq"], from The World Facebook. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 2.506% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_IQ" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 69.95 years<ref name="CIA_IQ" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = 15.2% (2008 est.)<ref name="CIA_IQ" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 8 info = 176<ref name="Transparency_IQ">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Iraq"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 9 info = 153<ref name="Business_IQ">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Iraq"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
}}

Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, '''Iraq''' was occupied by Britain during the course of World War I; in 1920, it was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led, UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years led to the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. US forces remained in Iraq under a UNSC mandate through 2009 and under a bilateral security agreement thereafter, helping to provide security and to train and mentor Iraqi security forces. In October 2005, Iraqis approved a constitution in a national referendum and, pursuant to this document, elected a 275-member Council of Representatives (CoR) in December 2005. After the election, Ibrahim al-JAAFARI was selected as prime minister; he was replaced by Nuri al-MALIKI in May 2006. The CoR approved most cabinet ministers in May 2006, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional government in nearly a half century. On 31 January 2009, Iraq held elections for provincial councils in all provinces except for the three provinces comprising the Kurdistan Regional Government and at-Ta'mim (Kirkuk) province.<ref name="CIA_IQ" />

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': Iraqi dinar (ISO code: IQD)
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 7% (31 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_IQ" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': 9% (31 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_IQ" />
* '''Stock of money''' ([[Money supply#M1|M1]]): $26.1 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_IQ" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $5.415 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_IQ" />

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_IQ">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/iq/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Iraq: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
| 17 942
| 25 857
| 18 936
| 18 970
| 12 602
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_IQ">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/iq/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Iraq: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_IQ">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/iq/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Iraq: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_IQ">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/iq/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Iraq: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==References==
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [[Wikipedia:Iraq|Iraq]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.cbi.iq Central bank] of Iraq
* [http://countrystudies.us/iraq/ Studies] from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/791014.stm country profile]
* [http://www.marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2004/12/iraq_economic_p.html Iraq Economic Policy] by Alex Tabarrok, December 2004
* [http://mises.org/daily/3724 Money in War-Ravaged Iraq] by Edward Gonzalez, October 2009
* [[Wikipedia:Iraqi Swiss dinar|Iraqi Swiss dinar]]
[[Category:Countries]]

Ireland

2010-10-06T21:51:45Z

88.65.199.211: /* External links */ Removed brackets.

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Dublin
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = [[UK]] 360 km
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = republic, parliamentary democracy
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 4,203,200 (July 2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_IE">CIA - The World Facebook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_ei.html "Ireland"], from The World Facebook. Referenced 2010-09-29.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 1.12% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_IE" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 78.24 years<ref name="CIA_IE" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = 11.8% (2009 est.)<ref name="CIA_IE" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Index of Economic Freedom|Index of Economic Freedom]]
|Row 8 info = 5<ref name="Heritage_IE">Heritage Foundation. [http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/Ireland "Ireland"], Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-29.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 9 info = 14<ref name="Transparency_IE">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Ireland"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-29.</ref>
|Row 10 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 10 info = 7<ref name="Business_IE">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Ireland"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-29.</ref>
}}

Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600-150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. English invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. A failed 1916 Easter Monday Rebellion touched off several years of guerrilla warfare that in 1921 resulted in independence from the UK for 26 southern counties; six northern (Ulster) counties remained part of the UK. In 1949, '''Ireland''' withdrew from the British Commonwealth; it joined the European Community in 1973. Irish governments have sought the peaceful unification of Ireland and have cooperated with Britain against terrorist groups. A peace settlement for Northern Ireland is gradually being implemented despite some difficulties. In 2006, the Irish and British governments developed and began to implement the St. Andrews Agreement, building on the Good Friday Agreement approved in 1998.<ref name="CIA_IE" />

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': Euro (ISO code: EUR)
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 3% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_IE" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': 6.76% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_IE" />
* is part of the '''[[Eurozone]]'''

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_IE">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/ie/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Ireland: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-29.</ref>
| 96 421
| 96 596
| 104 688
| 122 520
| 157 384
| 184 970
| 201 676
| 222 414
| 260 871
| 267 576
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_IE">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/ie/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Ireland: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-29.</ref>
| 49.367
| 40.125
| 36.785
| 34.741
| 33.607
| 32.024
| 31.830
| 27.868
| 27.176
|
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_IE">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/ie/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Ireland: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-29.</ref>
| 32.370
| 32.369
| 30.685
| 29.505
| 29.916
| 31.202
| 32.458
| 33.957
| 33.071
|
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_IE">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/ie/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Ireland: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-29.</ref>
| 30.558
| 27.789
| 29.337
| 29.608
| 29.750
| 29.985
| 30.538
| 30.657
| 31.989
|
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
| 1.525
| 1.240
| 1.199
| 1.177
| 1.123
| 1.026
| 0.981
| 0.821
| 0.822
|
|}

==References==
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [[Wikipedia:Ireland|Ireland]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.centralbank.ie Central bank] of Ireland
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1038581.stm country profile]
* [http://mises.org/journals/lf/1971/1971_04.pdf Stateless Societies: Ancient Ireland] (pdf), by Joseph R. Peden, April 1971
* [http://mises.org/daily/3773 The Death of the Celtic Tiger] by Brian Ó Caithnia, October 2009
* [http://mises.org/journals/jls/22_1/22_1_2.pdf Reflections on Legal Polycentrism] (pdf), by Gerard Casey, 2010, on polycentric law in Ireland
[[Category:Countries]]