Human Action

2011-02-03T18:26:49Z

84.60.218.10:

{{Italic title}}{{Stub}} __NOTOC__ 

'''''Human Action''''' is the magnum opus of [[Ludwig von Mises]], first published in 1949. It defined a large part of present [[Austrian Economics]].

==Contents==
=== Part One: Human Action ===

<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman;">
<li> Acting Man</li>
<li> The Epistemological Problems of the Sciences of Human Action</li>
<li> Economics and the Revolt Against Reason</li>
<li> A First Analysis of the Category of Action</li>
<li> Time</li>
<li> Uncertainty</li>
<li> Action Within the World</li>
</ol>

=== Part Two: Actions Within the Framework of Society ===

<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman;" start="8">
<li> Human Society</li>
<li> The Role of Ideas</li>
<li> Exchange Within Society</li>
</ol>

=== Part Three: Economic Calculation ===

<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman;" start="11">
<li> Valuation Without Calculation</li>
<li> The Sphere of Economic Calculation</li>
<li> Monetary Calculation as a Tool of Action</li>
</ol>

=== Part Four: Catallactics or Economics of the Market Society ===

<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman;" start="15">
<li> The Market</li>
<li> Prices</li>
<li> Indirect Exchange</li>
<li> Action in the Passing of Time</li>
<li> Interest</li>
<li> Interest, Credit Expansion, and the Trade Cycle</li>
<li> Work and Wages</li>
<li> The Nonhuman Original Factors of Production</li>
<li> The Data of the Market</li>
<li> Harmony and Conflict of Interests</li>
</ol>

=== Part Five: Social Cooperation Without a Market ===

<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman;" start="25">
<li> The Imaginary Construction of a Socialist Society</li>
<li> The Impossibility of Economic Calculation Under Socialism</li>
</ol>

=== Part Six: The Hampered Market Economy ===

<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman;" start="27">
<li> The Government and the Market</li>
<li> Interference by Taxation</li>
<li> Restriction of Production</li>
<li> Interference with the Structure of Prices</li>
<li> Currency and Credit Manipulation</li>
<li> Confiscation and Redistribution</li>
<li> Syndicalism and Corporativism</li>
<li> The Economics of War</li>
<li> The Welfare Principle Versus the Market Principle</li>
<li> The Crisis of Interventionism</li>
</ol>

=== Part Seven: The Place of Economics in Society ===
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman;" start="38">
<li> The Nondescript Character of Economics</li>
<li> The Place of Economics in Learning</li>
<li> Economics and the Essential Problems of Human Existence</li>
</ol>

==Links==
{{Store|http://www.mises.org/store/Human-Action-The-Scholars-Edition-P119.aspx|Human Action (Scholar's Edition)}}
* [http://www.mises.org/resources/3250 Human Action] complete text ([http://mises.org/humanaction/pdf/humanaction.pdf pdf])
* [http://mises.org/media.aspx?action=category&ID=139 Human Action] audiobook, read by Jeff Riggenbach
* [http://www.mises.org/books/humanactionstudy.pdf Human Action Study Guide] (pdf), also [http://www.mises.org/store/Human-Action-Study-Guide-P547.aspx for sale]
* [[Wikipedia:Human Action|Human Action]] on Wikipedia

{{See also|Human Action Comics}}
[[Category:Writings of Ludwig von Mises]]
[[Category:Writings on economics]]

Argumentation ethics

2011-02-03T16:29:29Z

84.60.218.10:

{{TOC right}}
'''Argumentation ethics''', a form of discourse ethics that attempts to establish normative or ethical truths by examining the presuppositions of discourse, is a defense of [[libertarianism]] rights asserting that argumentation, or discourse, is by its nature a conflict-free way of interacting and requires individual control of resources.

==Justification==
The argument by [[Hans-Hermann Hoppe]], a modern proponent of argumentation ethics, goes that an individual cannot consistently logically deny, in the course of argumentation, any of those things which the argument, or discourse, presupposes; doing so is to perform a performative contradiction.

According to the theory, certain norms are presupposed as true by anyone engaging in genuine discourse.

===Hoppe's Rationale===

The rationale on behalf of argumentation ethics is found on page 334 of Hoppe's book ''[[The Economics and Ethics of Private Property]]''.

<blockquote>Argumentation does not consist of free-floating propositions but is a form of [[action]] requiring the employment of [[Scarcity|scarce]] means; and that the means which a person demonstrates as preferring by engaging in propositional exchanges are those of private [[property]]. For one thing, no one could possibly propose anything, and no one could become convinced of any proposition by argumentative means, if a person’s right to make exclusive use of his physical body were not already presupposed. It is this recognition of each other’s mutually exclusive control over one’s own body which explains the distinctive character of propositional exchanges that, while one may disagree about what has been said, it is still possible to agree at least on the fact that there is disagreement. It is also obvious that such a property right to one’s own body must be said to be justified ''a priori'', for anyone who tried to justify any norm whatsoever would already have to presuppose the exclusive right of control over his body as a valid norm simply in order to say, “I propose such and such.” Anyone disputing such a right would become caught up in a practical contradiction since arguing so would already imply acceptance of the very norm which he was disputing.</blockquote>

==Criticisms==

One criticism is that argumentation ethics conflates the ontological concept of control of one's self with the ethical concept of self-ownership. That is to say, just as someone has the ability to control one's self, that does not give rise to why another ought to refrain from physically interfering with that control.

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[[Category:Logic|*]]
[[Category:Concepts|*]]

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Human Action

Argumentation ethics