The Austrian Economics Wiki - User contributions [en]

Israel

2014-01-23T14:14:55Z

109.66.58.244: /* Links */

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox Country
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Jerusalem
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = [[Egypt]] 266 km, [[Gaza Strip]] 51 km, [[Jordan]] 238 km, [[Lebanon]] 79 km, [[Syria]] 76 km, [[West Bank]] 307 km
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = parliamentary democracy
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 7,233,701<ref name="CIA_IL">CIA - The World Factbook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_is.html "Israel"], from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 1.671% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_IL" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 80.73 years<ref name="CIA_IL" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = 7.6% (2009 est.)<ref name="CIA_IL" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Index of Economic Freedom|Index of Economic Freedom]]
|Row 8 info = 44<ref name="Heritage_IL">Heritage Foundation. [http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/Israel "Israel"], Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 9 info = 32<ref name="Transparency_IL">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Israel"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 10 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 10 info = 29<ref name="Business_IL">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Israel"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
}}

Following World War II, the British withdrew from their mandate of Palestine, and the UN partitioned the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement rejected by the Arabs. Subsequently, the '''Israel'''is defeated the Arabs in a series of wars without ending the deep tensions between the two sides. The territories Israel occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the Israel country profile, unless otherwise noted. On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations were conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives and Syria to achieve a permanent settlement. Israel and Palestinian officials signed on 13 September 1993 a Declaration of Principles (also known as the "Oslo Accords") guiding an interim period of Palestinian self-rule. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace. In addition, on 25 May 2000, Israel withdrew unilaterally from southern Lebanon, which it had occupied since 1982. In April 2003, US President BUSH, working in conjunction with the EU, UN, and Russia - the "Quartet" - took the lead in laying out a roadmap to a final settlement of the conflict by 2005, based on reciprocal steps by the two parties leading to two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine. However, progress toward a permanent status agreement was undermined by Israeli-Palestinian violence between September 2003 and February 2005. In the summer of 2005, Israel unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip, evacuating settlers and its military while retaining control over most points of entry into the Gaza Strip. The election of HAMAS to head the Palestinian Legislative Council froze relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA). Ehud OLMERT became prime minister in March 2006 and presided over a 34-day conflict with Hizballah in Lebanon in June-August 2006 and a 23-day conflict with HAMAS in the Gaza Strip during December 2008 and January 2009. OLMERT, who in June 2007 resumed talks with PA President Mahmoud ABBAS, resigned in September 2008. Prime Minister Binyamin NETANYAHU formed a coalition in March 2009 following a February 2009 general election. Peace talks are currently stalled.<ref name="CIA_IL" />

{{See also|Israeli bank crisis of 1983}}

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': Shekel (ISO code: ILS or NIS)
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 1.25% (31 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_IL" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': 6.06% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_IL" />
* '''Stock of money''' ([[Money supply#M1|M1]]): $18.9 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_IL" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $170.6 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_IL" />

===Notable events:===
* [[Banking crisis]]: 1977-1983<ref name="Reinhart_crisis">Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8973.html "This Time is Different"], ''Princeton University Press'', ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 368. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-20.</ref>

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_IL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/il/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Israel: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
| 110 791
| 124 749
| 123 059
| 113 010
| 118 904
| 126 843
| 134 247
| 145 844
| 166 990
| 202 101
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_IL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/il/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Israel: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_IL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/il/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Israel: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
| 39.523
| 40.060
| 40.713
| 37.970
| 38.311
| 38.582
| 38.568
| 39.319
| 36.784
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_IL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/il/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Israel: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
| 44.248
| 46.754
| 47.715
| 47.085
| 44.724
| 42.970
| 42.407
| 41.552
| 40.708
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==References==
<small>Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.</small>
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:Israel|Israel]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.bankisrael.gov.il Central bank] of Israel
* [http://www.hebrewlanguageguide.com/ Hebrew Language Guide] local language of Israel
* [http://countrystudies.us/israel/ Studies] from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/803257.stm country profile]
* [http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/israels-grassroots-libertarian-revolution/ Israel's Grassroots Libertarian Revolution] by Sam Lehman-Wilzig, April 1990
* [http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/israel-the-road-from-socialism/ Israel: The Road from Socialism] by Macabee Dean, September 1989
* [http://city-journal.org/2009/19_3_jewish-capitalism.html Silicon Israel] by George Gilder, 2009

[[Category:Countries]]

Israel

2014-01-23T14:01:10Z

109.66.58.244: /* Links */

{{Stub}}

{{Infobox Country
|Box title = Country summary
|Row 1 title = Capital
|Row 1 info = Jerusalem
|Row 2 title = Borders
|Row 2 info = [[Egypt]] 266 km, [[Gaza Strip]] 51 km, [[Jordan]] 238 km, [[Lebanon]] 79 km, [[Syria]] 76 km, [[West Bank]] 307 km
|Row 3 title = Government type
|Row 3 info = parliamentary democracy
|Row 4 title = Population
|Row 4 info = 7,233,701<ref name="CIA_IL">CIA - The World Factbook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_is.html "Israel"], from The World Factbook. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 5 title = Population growth
|Row 5 info = 1.671% (2010 est.)<ref name="CIA_IL" />
|Row 6 title = Life expectancy
|Row 6 info = 80.73 years<ref name="CIA_IL" />
|Row 7 title = Unemployment
|Row 7 info = 7.6% (2009 est.)<ref name="CIA_IL" />
|Row 8 title = [[Wikipedia:Index of Economic Freedom|Index of Economic Freedom]]
|Row 8 info = 44<ref name="Heritage_IL">Heritage Foundation. [http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/Israel "Israel"], Economic Freedom Score. A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 9 title = [[Wikipedia:Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption Perceptions Index]]
|Row 9 info = 32<ref name="Transparency_IL">Transparency International. [http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table "Israel"], Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. A lower ranking is better; but please note that the numbers cannot be compared between countries or years due to different methodology. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|Row 10 title = [[Wikipedia:Doing Business Report|Doing Business ranking]]
|Row 10 info = 29<ref name="Business_IL">Doing Business. [http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/ "Israel"], Doing Business 2010 (part of The World Bank Group). A lower ranking is better; but please be careful when comparing between different countries or years. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
}}

Following World War II, the British withdrew from their mandate of Palestine, and the UN partitioned the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement rejected by the Arabs. Subsequently, the '''Israel'''is defeated the Arabs in a series of wars without ending the deep tensions between the two sides. The territories Israel occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the Israel country profile, unless otherwise noted. On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations were conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives and Syria to achieve a permanent settlement. Israel and Palestinian officials signed on 13 September 1993 a Declaration of Principles (also known as the "Oslo Accords") guiding an interim period of Palestinian self-rule. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace. In addition, on 25 May 2000, Israel withdrew unilaterally from southern Lebanon, which it had occupied since 1982. In April 2003, US President BUSH, working in conjunction with the EU, UN, and Russia - the "Quartet" - took the lead in laying out a roadmap to a final settlement of the conflict by 2005, based on reciprocal steps by the two parties leading to two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine. However, progress toward a permanent status agreement was undermined by Israeli-Palestinian violence between September 2003 and February 2005. In the summer of 2005, Israel unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip, evacuating settlers and its military while retaining control over most points of entry into the Gaza Strip. The election of HAMAS to head the Palestinian Legislative Council froze relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA). Ehud OLMERT became prime minister in March 2006 and presided over a 34-day conflict with Hizballah in Lebanon in June-August 2006 and a 23-day conflict with HAMAS in the Gaza Strip during December 2008 and January 2009. OLMERT, who in June 2007 resumed talks with PA President Mahmoud ABBAS, resigned in September 2008. Prime Minister Binyamin NETANYAHU formed a coalition in March 2009 following a February 2009 general election. Peace talks are currently stalled.<ref name="CIA_IL" />

{{See also|Israeli bank crisis of 1983}}

==Economical characteristics==
* '''Currency''': Shekel (ISO code: ILS or NIS)
* Central bank '''[[Wikipedia:Discount rate|discount rate]]''': 1.25% (31 December 2009)<ref name="CIA_IL" />
* Commercial banks '''lending rate''': 6.06% (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_IL" />
* '''Stock of money''' ([[Money supply#M1|M1]]): $18.9 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_IL" />
* '''Quasi money''' (with M1 makes [[Money supply#M2|M2]]): $170.6 billion (31 December 2008)<ref name="CIA_IL" />

===Notable events:===
* [[Banking crisis]]: 1977-1983<ref name="Reinhart_crisis">Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8973.html "This Time is Different"], ''Princeton University Press'', ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6, p. 368. (The list does not claim to be complete.) Referenced 2011-07-20.</ref>

===Statistics===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center"
| Statistic / Year
! 1999
! 2000
! 2001
! 2002
! 2003
! 2004
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
|-
! [[GDP]] (million USD)<ref name="WorldBank_GDP_IL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/il/indicators%5BNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%5D?date=1999:2009 "Israel: GDP"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
| 110 791
| 124 749
| 123 059
| 113 010
| 118 904
| 126 843
| 134 247
| 145 844
| 166 990
| 202 101
|-
! Govt. debt (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Debt_IL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/il/indicators%5BGC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Israel: government debt"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Govt. revenue (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Revenue_IL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/il/indicators%5BGC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Israel: government revenue"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
| 39.523
| 40.060
| 40.713
| 37.970
| 38.311
| 38.582
| 38.568
| 39.319
| 36.784
|-
! Govt. expenses (% of GDP)<ref name="WorldBank_Expenses_IL">World Bank. [http://open.worldbank.org/countries/il/indicators%5BGC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS%5D?date=1999:2009 "Israel: government expenses"], from World Bank [http://data.worldbank.org/ Data]. Referenced 2010-09-30.</ref>
|
| 44.248
| 46.754
| 47.715
| 47.085
| 44.724
| 42.970
| 42.407
| 41.552
| 40.708
|-
! Debt to revenue (years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==References==
<small>Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.</small>
{{Reflist}}

==Links==
* [[Wikipedia:Israel|Israel]] on Wikipedia
* [http://www.bankisrael.gov.il Central bank] of Israel
* [http://www.bankisrael.gov.il Hebrew Language Guide] local language of Israel
* [http://countrystudies.us/israel/ Studies] from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)
* BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/803257.stm country profile]
* [http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/israels-grassroots-libertarian-revolution/ Israel's Grassroots Libertarian Revolution] by Sam Lehman-Wilzig, April 1990
* [http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/israel-the-road-from-socialism/ Israel: The Road from Socialism] by Macabee Dean, September 1989
* [http://city-journal.org/2009/19_3_jewish-capitalism.html Silicon Israel] by George Gilder, 2009

[[Category:Countries]]